268 



DYES AND DYEING 



DYES AND DYEING 



Buckwheat : Fagopyrum esculentum. Yellow color 

 from leaves and stalk. 



Buttercup : Ranunculus hulbosus and other species. 

 Yellow. 



Cabbage: Brassica oleracea. Contains cauline, prob- 

 ably identical with the cyanine of wine. 



Camwood, or gaban wood, poa-gaban : Closely allied to 

 barwood. From African coast. See under Redwoods. 



Fig. 372. Annatto pods, from which butter color is derived. 



Capers : Capparis spinosa. Yellow. 



Caramel : Sugar heated above its melting point turns 

 brown and is converted into caramel. Brown. 



Carrot : Daucus Carota. Yellow. 



Catechu : Acacia Catechu, Ourouparia gambler. Brown 

 to dull red colors. Influenced by oxidation. Contains 

 catechin. 



Celery, or smallage : Apium graveolens. Yellow-green. 



Chamomile (Ger.), or matricario : Matricaria Chamo- 

 milla. Alumina lake, yellow. 



Chay root, or che root, cherri vello, sayavee, imbural, 

 turbuli : Oldenlandia umhellata. Contains alizarin, pur- 

 purin, etc. See under Madder. 



Chelidoine juice : Chelidonium majus. Yellow. 



Chica-red, or crajina : Arrabidoea Chica (Bignonia 

 Chica). Vermilion-red powder, insoluble in water ; alka- 

 line solutions, orange to red. 



Chinese green, or lokoa : Bhamnus tinctoria, B. 

 Dahuriea. Only green dye other than chlorophyll. 



Chinese yellow : Gardenia grandiflora. Other Chinese 

 yellows are wongsky, wougsky, wongschy, hoang-teng, 

 hoang-tschi, hoang-pe-pi, and ti-hoang. 



Chrysamic acid : Aloes. Action of nitric acid on aloes. 

 Yellow in alcohol. 



Chlorophyll : Green color of plants. 



Cochineal, or cochenille, coccionella : Coccus cacti 

 (dried bodies of the female insect). Contains carminic 



acid soluble in water with purple color ; lakes, red to 

 purple ; alum or tin lakes, cochineal carmine or coccerin. 



Cotinin : Preparation from young fustic. Yellow. 



Cranberry or red bilberry : Vaccinium Vitis-Idoea. 

 Red. 



Cudbear, or cudbeard, perseo : Lecanora tinctoria, 

 Variolaria orcina (lichens). Differs from archil in being in 

 powder and free from excess of ammonia. Bluish red. 



Cyanin: Coloring matter from petals of flowers. 

 Occurs in wine. Blue, turning pink with vegetable acids. 



Dragon's blood (palm) : Damonorops Draco. Red resin, 

 used chiefly for coloring varnishes, for preparing gold 

 lacquers, for tooth tinctures and powders, and for staining 

 marbles. 



Dragon's blood (Soootra) : Draccena Cinnahari. Red 

 resin. 



Dwarf elder : Sambncus Ebulus. Red. 



Dyer's broom : Genista tinctoria. Yellow. 



Dyer's woodruff : Asperula tinctoria. Contains colors 

 similar to alizarin. 



Elderberry : Sambucus Canadensis, S. nigra, S. pubens. 

 Red. 



Fairy cup or blood cup : Chlorosplenium ccruginosum. 

 Calcium lake, green. 



Flavin : Prepared from oak bark. Olive yellow to dark 

 brown powder. Yellow. 



Forget-me-not : Myosotis palustris. See Cyanin. 



French purple : Prepared from archil by treatment 

 with acid. 



Fustic (old) or yellow Brazilwood, Holland yellow wood, 

 murier des teinturiers, hois jaune, gelbholz : Chlorophora 

 tinctoria {Morus tinctoria). Contains morin and maclurin. 

 Yellow. 



Fustic (young) or bois jaune de Hongrie, du Tirol, 

 Fisetholz, fustel : Rhus Cotinus. Contains fisitin. Yel- 

 low. 



Galangal (Chinese): Alpinia offieinarum. Alkaline 

 solutions, yellow. Used in Russia for making "Nastoika," 

 a liquor. 



Galangal (Javan): Alpinia Galanga. Alkaline solu- 

 tions, yellow. 



Gamboge : Garcinia Hanburyi, G. Morella. Red resin. 

 Lakes, yellow. 



Garancin : Formerly prepared from madder. Of his- 

 toric interest only. 



Gentian : Gentiana lutea. Alkaline solutions, yellow. 



Goa powder : Vouacapoua Araroba (Andira Araroba) 

 Aguiar. Contains chrysarobin and chrysophanio acid. 

 Yellow. 



Golden seal or Canadian yellow root : Hydrastis Cana- 

 densis. Yellow basic dye. See Medicinal Plants. 



Harmala red : Peganum Harmala. Basic color in- 

 soluble in water ; alkaline solutions, red. 



Heartsease, or pansy, lady's delight : Viola tricolor, 

 var. arvensis. Yields quercetin. Yellow. 



Hollyhock : Althma rosea, Malva sylvestris, M. rotun- 

 difolia. Solutions, violet-red. Crimson with acids. Green 

 with alkalies. Alumina lake, violet-blue. 



Horse-chestnut : lakes, yellow. 



Indian yellow, or piuri, piouri, purree, purrea arabica, 

 jaune indien. Prepared in India from the urine of cows 

 fed on mango leaves, and contains yellow coloring matters, 

 free and in form of magnesium or calcium sjilts. 



Indigo : Indigofera Anil and other species. (Fig. 373.) 

 Insoluble in water. Becomes soluble by treatment with sul- 

 furic acid, forming sulpho salts. Indigo carmine (blue). 

 Soluble under ^eduction to indigo white in alkaline solutions 

 containing a reducing agent, such as copperas, zinc dust, 

 glucose, and certain organic ferments, bran being em- 

 ployed in wool dyeing. On exposure to air, indigo white 

 is oxidized to indigo. The dyeing process depends on this 

 reaction. Indigo made artificially is very largely used. 

 Indigo was once an important product of South Carolina, 



