270 



DYES AND DYEING 



DYES AND DYEING 



sang : Guilandina echinata. Prom the Sierra Nevada in 

 Mexico. See under Redwoods. 



Persian berries, or yellow berries, Kreatzbeeren, Avig- 

 non-Korner, graines de perse, graines jaunes, graines d' 

 Avignon (Bhamnus infectoria), French berries (E. Ala- 

 l!e™as), Spanish berries (R. saxatilis), Italian berries (B. 

 ivfectoria), Hungarian berries {B. catfiartiea). Alum lake, 

 bright yellow ; iron lake, dark olive. 



Poppy, or iield red corn : Papaver Rhaas. Red. 



Poplar buds : Populus sp. Alumina lake, yellow. 



Prickly pear: Opuntia vulgaris. Red. One of the 

 chief species of cacti on which the cochineal (which see) 

 insect lives and propagates. 



Privet berries : Ligustrum vulgare. Bluish red. 



Purple heart: Copayfera publjflora. Alum lake, yellow. 



Puriri : Vitez littoralis. Alum lake, yellow. 



Quercitron : Quercus velutina and varieties: Yields 

 quercetin, yellow. Quercitron bark extract is still used 

 extensively. 



Quebracho : Quebrachia Lorentzii. Yellow color. 



Redwoods : See Brazil, Bahia, Peach, Nicaragua, Sapan, 

 Lima, Braziletto, Barwood and Camwood. These woods 



Fig. 375. 



SafBower (Oarthamus tinctorius). Source of a 

 yellow dye. 



yield on treatment various red to yellow-red colored 

 solutions, no two woods giving exactly the same shades ; 

 i. B., Brazilin," probably occurring as a glucoside, forms 

 Brazilein on oxidation and yields lakes similar to alizarin 

 in shade, but inferior in all other qualities. Florence, 

 Berlin and Venetian lakes are lakes of the soluble red- 

 woods. 



Rhubarb : Rheum officinale. Yields chrysophanis acid. 

 Yellow. 



Rue : Buta graveoUns. Alum lake, yellow. 



SafBower, or dyer's saffron, carthame, safran batard, 

 bastard saffron : Carthamus tinctorius. (Pig. 375). Yel- 

 low. Triturated with French chalk and dried, forms 

 various bright " rouges ". 



Saffron, or azafran (Afgh.): Crocus sativus. Yellow. 

 (Fig. 376). 



Sage : Salvia officinalis. Yellow. 

 Sandalwood, or santalwood, lignum santalum, red san- 

 talwood, Saunders wood, red sandalwood, red Sanders wood, 

 bois de santal, Sandelholz : Pterocarpus santalinus, P. 

 Indicui. Contains santalin, a fine red powder easily soluble 

 in alcohol and acetic acid with a blood-red color. See 

 under Redwoods. 



Sapan wood, or sappan wood, Japan wood, bois du 

 Japon ; also called red sandalwood, santalwood, sumbawa 

 wood: Cassalpina Sappan. Probably identical with caliatur 

 wood or oariatur wood. See under Redwoods. 



Saw-wort: Serratula tinctoria. Alumina lake, yel- 

 low. 



Sepia : Sepia officinalis, Loligo tunieata and other 

 species of cuttle-fish common in the Mediterranean and 

 Adriatic. Dark brown coloring matter from the ink- 

 bag of these animals. The pure pigment constitutes four- 

 fifths of the dried ink-bags as they occur in commerce. 

 Dark brown ink-like pigment. 



Sorgo red, or dUrrha : Andropogon Sorghum. Lakes, 

 crimson red. 



Spanish trefoil : Trifolium sp. 

 Spinach : Spinacia oleracea. Yellow. 

 Stringy bark : Eucalyptus macrorhyncha. Orange to- 

 yellow. 



Sun dew : Drosera Whittaherii. Lakes red to brown. 

 Sumac (Cape), or pruim bast : Colpoon compressum. 

 Alum lake, yellow. 



Sumac (Sicilian): Bhus Coriaria. Alum lake, olive. 

 Sumac (Virginian): Rhus hirta. This and the above 

 are used in dyeing processes as a source of tannin. 



Tyrian purple : Murex, Purpura, Buecinium; etc. 

 (sea shells). The purple dye of the Phoenicians, Greeks 

 and Romans. 



Turmeric, or curcuma, Indian saffron, terra merita, 

 souchet, safran d' Inde : Curcuma longa, C. rotunda. 

 Yellow. 



Ventilago Madras-patana, or oural patti, pitti, lokandi, 

 kanwait, etc. : Ventilago Madraspatana. Lakes, blue. 



Virginia creeper : Parthenocissus (or Ampelopsis) 

 quinquefolia. Red color. 



Waifa, or hoai-hoa, Chinese yellow berries : Sophora 

 Japonica. Alumina lake, yellow. 



Wallflower : Cheiranthus Cheiri. Yellow lakes pre- 

 pared from the blossoms. 



Wall lichen : Parmelia parietina. Yellow. 

 Waras : Moghania congesta (Flemingia congesta). Red 

 resinous powder. 



Weld, or wau, gaude, yellow weed, dyer's rocket : 

 Reseda Luteola. (Fig. 377). Alumina lake, yellow. With 

 chromium, olive-yellow ; with tin, bright yellow ; with iron, 

 olive. Considered superior to all other natural yellow color- 

 ing matters, but now displaced by several synthetic dye- 

 stuffs. 



Whitethorn, or blackthorn : Crataegus oxyacantha. 

 Yellow lakes from blossoms. 



Woad, or pastel, waid : Isatis tinctoria, I. Lusitanica. 

 (Pig. 378). Contains indigo. Formerly cultivated in Eng- 

 land and Holland. 



Mineral coloring matters. 



Of the many inorganic coloring matters, only- 

 chrome yellow, chrome orange, iron and manga- 

 nese oxids and Prussian blue may be treated under 

 dyestuffs. None of these is used as such, but they 

 are produced on textiles by chemical reactions. 



