278 



FARM GARDEN 



FARM- GARDEN 



in place, thus drawing all the outside canes close 

 together between the wires. The wires may be 

 caught over the stake without any cross-arm, but 

 this sometimes breaks the canes that are drawn in 



Fig. 385. Raspbeny (Columbian) before piunlng. 



next to the stake. No. 12 galvanized iron wire is 

 used for this purpose. 



The pruning required is simply the removal of 

 the fruiting canes as soon as the crop is gathered. 

 If in hills and the canes are not supported by 

 stakes or wires, the ends of the new canes are 

 pinched to make them grow stocky. In spring the 

 bushes may be cut back. (Figs. 385, 386.) 



The raspberry is easily pruned with the hand 

 prunlng-shears, but to do the work comfortably 

 among blackberries, long-handled shears or a 

 blackberry hook is required, with which to reach 

 in among the thorny canes. 



Few varieties are perfectly hardy, and so the 

 canes may need protection during the winter in th6 

 North. Raspberry canes are easily protected by 

 bending them over and laying them on the ground; 

 blackberry plants must be loosened a little at the 

 roots to enable them to bend without breaking. 

 Blackberries are seldom covered except in the 

 extreme North. 



Currants and gooseberries. — These two fruits 

 are almost necessities in the farm garden. They 

 are easily grown and yield a large quantity of 

 fruit for the space occupied and the labor ex- 

 pended. They delight in a deep, moist, rich soil, 

 the size of the fruit depending more on the rich- 

 ness of the soil than on the variety. Strong one- 

 year-old plants are best. They are planted four by 

 six feet apart. The pruning required is to remove 

 wood more than three or four years old to encour- 

 age the growth of strong new canes. The best 

 fruit is borne on wood two or three years old. 



The, greatest difficulty to be met is the injury 

 by the I'currant-worm, which eats the foliage soon 

 after the leaves unfold. This pest is destroyed by 

 dusting the bushes with powdered hellebore when 

 the leaves are wet, or applying it in water. A 

 blight attacks the leaves soon after the fruit is 

 ripened, sometimes causing them to fall, thus leav- 

 ing the bushes bare from the middle of July until 

 winter. This weakens the bushes so much that the 

 fruit the following season is small and of poor 

 quality. Spraying the bushes with Bordeaux mix- 

 ture- is often necessary. 



The gooseberry requires practically the same 

 treatment as the currant and is subject to the 

 same pests. The English varieties are more subject 

 to mildew. The fruit is not so much, in demand in 

 the markets, but is delicious and should be more 

 largely used. 



Varieties of small-fruits. 



The following varieties of small-fruits are rec- 

 ommended for general home planting : 



Strawberries: "Brandywine (St.), Sample (P.), 

 Marshall (St.), Clyde (St.), Senator Dunlap (P.), 

 Haverland (P.) 



Raspberries : Cuthbert, Columbian, Loudon, Cum- 

 berland. 



Blackberries: Agawam, Snyder, Ancient Briton, 

 Eldorado. 



Currants: Fay Red Cross, Wilder, White Grape, 

 White Imperial. 



Gooseberries: Downing, Red Jacket, Josselyn. 



The following varieties are adapted for home use 

 in the colder parts of Ontario and Quebec (W. T. 

 Macoun) : 



Strawberries: William Belt, Bubach, Greenville, 

 Lovett, Splendid, Senator Dunlap, Excelsior. 



Raspberries, Red : Herbert, Clarke, Cuthbert, 

 Marlboro.— Yellow: Golden Queen. — Black: Hilborn, 

 Older. 



Blackberries: Agawam, Snyder. 



Currants: Red: Pomona, Victoria, Wilder, 

 Cherry. — White : White Grape. — Black: Saunders, 

 Victoria, Collin Prolilic. 



Gooseberries : Red Jacket, Downing or Peari. 



For Iowa (A. T. Brwin): 



Strawberries: Dunlap, Bederwood, Warfield. 

 Raspberries : Red, Cuthert, Turner, Loudon. — 

 Black : Gregg, Older, Cumberland. 



Fig. 386. Raspberry (Columbian) after pruning. 



Blackberries: Ancient Briton, Snyder. 

 Currants: Perfection, Red Dutch, White Grape, 

 Red Cross. 



Gooseberries : Champion. 



