TOBACCO 



TRUCK-GROWING 



653 



and F. subgothica. They cut off or eat up the 

 young plants immediately after transplanting. 

 Combating is done by sowing along the rows 

 a mixture of bran and Paris green (1 pound of 

 Paris green to 50 pounds of bran). A small quan- 

 tity of molasses may be added to the mixture. 



Budworm {Heliothis armiger) — This insect 

 attacks the bud and tender leaves at the top 

 of the plant during the growing period. Hand- 

 picking and dusting or spraying with Paris 

 green are effective. 



Pole-burn appears as dark spots near the 

 middle rib or veins of the leaves, and may 

 spread very rapidly. Careful application of heat 

 and ventilation of the sheds to reduce humidity 

 are the remedies. 



Root -rot (Thielavia basieola). — This fungus 

 occurs most in seed-beds where it may be de- 

 stroyed by sterilizing the soil with heat or for- 

 malin before the seed is sown. In the field, proper 

 rotation of crops, drainage, the application of lime 

 and fertilizers are suggested. 



Calico disease is not fully understood. Good 

 cultivation, fertilization and favorable growing 

 conditions are remedies. 



Literature, 



J. Carver, Culture of the Tobacco Plant, London ; 

 John H. Cooke, Tobacco ; J. L. P. Pevre, Le Tabac, 

 Paris ; Chas. W. Saxton, Handbook of Tobacco Cul- 

 ture, New York ; R. de Coin, History and Cultiva- 

 tion of Cotton and Tobacco, London ; 0. Comes, 

 Tobacco in Italia ; J. D. Cameron, A Sketch of the 

 Tobacco Interests of North Carolina ; J. B. Kille- 

 brew, Report on the Culture of Tobacco, United 

 States Census, 1883 ; Edw. J. Beale, English To- 

 bacco Culture, London ; Killebrew and Myrick, 

 Tobacco Leaf, New York ; A. Nouvel, Notes Sur la 

 Culture des Tabacs, Paris; D. Decobert, Culture 

 de Tabac, Lille ; V. P. G. Demoor, Culture du 

 Tabac, Luxembourg ; Nessler, Der Tabak, seine 

 Bestandtheile und seine Behandlung; Nessler, 

 Landwirtschaftliche Versuchstationen ; Kissling, 

 Tabakkunde ; Bere, Le Tabak, Bulletins of the 

 United States Department of Agriculture and 

 Experiment Station reports, particularly from Con- 

 necticut, Maryland, North Carolina and Kentucky. 

 A large part of this article is adapted from Bulletin 

 No. 91, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States 

 Department of Agriculture, Varieties of Tobacco, 

 by Shamel & Cobey, and Bulletin No. 96, Tobacco 

 Breeding, by the same authors. 



TRUCK-GROWING. Figs. 881-886. 



By John W. Lloyd. 



Truck-growing has been distinguished from mar- 

 ket-gardening proper as the growing of vegetables 

 at such a distance from market that railroad or 

 water transportation is required for reaching the 

 market. It is usually practiced where land is low- 

 priced as compared with that on which vegetables 

 are grown within driving distance of the large 

 city markets. Less intensive methods of culture 

 are practiced and a smaller assortment of vege- 



Fig. 881. Truck crops demand heavy manuring. Manuring land 

 for fall spinacli after harvesting a crop of dill. 



tables is grown, but the acreage devoted to a sin- 

 gle crop by an individual grower is usually larger 

 in truck-growing than in market-gardening. Often 

 only one or two truck crops are grown in a given 

 locality, and these may constitute the "money 

 crops" in a system of mixed farming, or in excep- 

 tional cases large areas may be devoted to a single 

 crop by a person who gives his whole attention to 

 that one crop. The latter condition obtains only 

 in regions especially adapted to the particular 

 crop in question. 



The extension of vegetable-growing to a dis- 

 tance from market has been brought about by the 

 enormous increase in land values near cities, the 

 demand for products earlier in the season, and the 

 great extension of transportation facilities. The 

 latter cause has resulted in the development of 

 early vegetable-growing at the South for shipment 

 to northern markets, while the former has resulted 

 in the removal of the growing of staple, cool- 

 season, late crops to locations more or less remote 

 from the northern markets though perhaps in the 

 same latitude. 



It is the purpose of the present article to discuss 

 some of the administration features of the general 

 farm type of truck-growing, rather than intensive 

 and specialized market-gardening [for the latter, 



Fig. 882. Loading from field wagons to truck wagon, near 

 Creedmoor, W. T. 



see Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, and 

 special books]. Statistical data do not follow this 

 more or less arbitrary division, however, and the 

 census figures do not greatly elucidate such a 

 discussion as this. 



