ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS. 23 
breed in Sweden. In his ‘ Fauna Suecica’ he says of 
the Fieldfare, that ‘“‘maximis in arboribus nidificat,” 
and of the Redwing that “ nidificat in mediis arbus- 
culis, sive sepibus: ova sex ceeruleo-viridia maculis 
nigris variis ;” but it is plain that they must leave 
that country in winter, as, with us, Redwings are 
among the first birds which suffer in inclement 
weather; and both Redwings and Fieldfares with- 
draw from our northern counties, and great numbers 
of them even quit the kingdom entirely, during long 
and severe frosts, especially if they are accompanied 
with snow*. 
Scopoli, in his ‘ Annus Primus,’ says of the Wood- 
cock, that “nupta ad nos venit circa equinoctium 
vernale. Nidificat in paludibus alpinis. Ova ponit 
3-5. Migrat post equinoctium autumnale. Fugit 
brumam et acre gelu;” and of the Fieldfare, that 
“migrat Novembri mense.” Thus it appears that 
Woodcocks breed in the Tyrol, which they quit about 
the latter end of September, and that Fieldfares leave 
the same country in November. It is well known 
also that Woodcocks desert the more northern coun- 
tries of Europe at the commencement of winter. 
Here, then, we have positive evidence of the migration 
of the Redwing, Fieldfare, and Woodcock, some of 
* In the severe winter of 1813-14 the northern counties of 
England were nearly deserted by Redwings and Fieldfares, and 
I have been informed that at this period they were far from 
being plentiful in the southern counties. 
