ON THE NOTES OF BIRDS. 45 
A Catalogue of Singing Birds heard in the neighbourhood of Man- 
chester, with the periods at which they commence and discontinue 
their Songs, taken at a mean of eleven years’ observations, com- 
mencing with 1818 and terminating with 1828. 
: Commence} Cease 
Bie: singing. | singing 
Redbreast (Sylvia rubectla) ......ccccceeesesseseeees Jan. 2! Dec. 30 
Wren (Sylvia troglodytes) * .........4. he 7 3 ss 
Missel-Thrush (Zurdus viscivorus) t we] 4, 24] June 5 
Throstle (Turdus musicus) ....0...000000- » 27 | Aug. 8 
Hedge-Warbler (Accentor modularis) .... 
Sky-Lark (Alauda arvensis) ...........0068. = * 5 » 16 
Chaffinch (Fringilla celebs) ... _ ay Cal 5-8 
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) ... 16 | June 6 
Blackbird (Turdus merula) ... March 5| July 19 
Titlark (Anthus pratensis)........ jc: 2D » 18 
Wood-Lark (Alauda arborea) .. » 20] Oct. 23 
Greenfinch (Fringilla chloris) .. » 26] Aug. 17 
Wheatear (Saxicola enanthe) .. 
Linnet (Fringilla cannabina) ........ 
Yellow Wren (Sylvia trochilus) ..... ve] 9, 12] Aug. 20 
Redstart (Sylvia phenicurus) ....0.000 ae » 13} July 17 
Lesser Field-Lark (Anthus arboreus) .. bo » +14 a. 29 
Lesser Redpole (Fringilla linaria) ..... sey » 15 see 
Goldfinch (Fringilla carduelis)........ ae » 15 3 8 
Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) ... » 26 ae 
Swallow (Hirundo rustica) ... » 26 | Sept. 21 
Blackeap (Sylvia atricapilla) .. » 28) July 17 
Whitethroat (Sylvia cinerea) ... 4 29 5 
Stonechat (Saxicola rubicola) ........668 » 980 « 23 
Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) .. May 1 » 12 
Sedge-Warbler (Sylvia phragmitis) t .. 5 3 » 28 
Pettychaps (Sylvia hortensis) ...s...0066 oe 5 6 » 14 
Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) .........::00. » 20 o LF 
* The Redbreast and Wren sing nearly at all times of the year, except 
when moulting and during severe frost; and several species of birds which 
cease singing about the latter end of July or the beginning of August are 
sometimes heard again in autumn, when their songs are generally feeble, 
imperfect, and of short continuance, like the early efforts of our Warblers 
in spring. 
+ The Missel-Thrush is the largest British. bird of song. 
¢ In this catalogue I have omitted the Yellow Bunting, Reed-Bunting, 
Golden-crested Wren, Wood-Wren, and some others, which have not uni- 
formly been accounted Singing Birds. 
