318 OBSERVATIONS ON THE 
does not greatly exceed a thousand even in adult 
females of Epeira quadrata, whose weight is about 
twenty grains, and in many other species it is much 
smaller. In Zegenaria civilis the total number of 
papille does not amount to four hundred ; in Zeartrix 
lycosina and Clubiona corticalis it is below three hun- 
dred, in Segestria senoculata it scarcely exceeds one 
hundred, and in many of the smaller spiders it is still 
further reduced. 
A difference in the number and size of the papille 
connected with the several pairs of mammule in the 
same species, and with similar pairs in different 
species, is also very apparent. In spiders of the 
genera Epeira, Tetragnatha, Linyphia, Theridion, and 
Segestria they are generally much more numerous 
and minute on the inferior spinners than on the 
superior and intermediate ones ; the last are the most 
sparingly supplied with them, and im the case of 
Segestria senoculata each has only three large papille 
at its extremity. An arrangement nearly the reverse 
of this takes place in some of the Drassz, and is con- 
spicuous in Drassus ater, which has the intermediate 
spinners abundantly furnished with papille, those on 
the inferior spinners being very few in number and 
chiefly of large dimensions, emitting the viscous 
secretion copiously. The papillz connected with the 
short terminal joint of each inferior spinner of this 
species vary in number with the age of the animal: 
the young, on quitting the cocoon, are provided with 
