86 THE LIFE OF THE SALMON 
occasionally caught in the Whitadder, and a number 
of them were got up the river as high as Norham.” 
In the Tweed Report for 1875 it is stated: “The 
Committee met at Melrose to ascertain if it is prac- 
ticable, when a great number of salmon kelts were 
collected in the cauld pool there on account of dry 
weather, to catch them with a net and put them over 
the cauld. A few shots were rowed and eight fish 
caught ; but the experiment was not successful, as 
the fish put below the cauld did not go down the 
river, but remained in shallow water within reach of 
poachers.” In the Norwegian Fisheries Report for 
1895-96 Herr Landmark tells of a similar experience 
on the Aensira river, where two waterfalls exist. At 
both waterfalls fish-passes have been erected, and 
the lower pass was used as a convenient place to 
capture fish for hatchery purposes. The pass was 
therefore blocked by means of a grating inserted in 
its upper end. Fish, having been stripped, were 
placed above the fall, yet many of these fish were 
afterwards found in the fish-pass, having apparently 
descended by the fall and re-ascended in the pass. 
One such fish was recognised as doing so five times, 
although on each occasion after recapture it was 
put into the river farther and farther up stream. 
The seaward migration of kelts in Scotland is of 
course not influenced by the complete freezing up of 
parts of rivers, as is the case in Norway, where it is 
often, I understand, physically impossible for kelts 
to descend till released by the thawing of the ice. 
With us, however, the descent in iarge rivers ap- 
pears to be much slower than in small rivers. Kelts 
