BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 83 



P6rou, ii, 1885, 494.— Salvador! and Festa, Boll. Mus. ZooL, etc., Torino, 



XV, no. 357, 1899, 18 (Pan, e. E:;uador, Feb.; Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. 



Ecuador, Nov.). 

 [Pyranga'] sestiva Bonaparte, Oonsp. Av., i, 1850, 241, part.— Cohes, Key N. Am. 



Birds, 1872, 111.— Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part.- 



CoEY, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Plyranga] xstiva Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 104 (n. e. Illinois; rare 



summer resid.).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 

 [Piranga] xstiva Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6836. 

 Pyranga sistiva var. xstim Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hiat. N. Amer. Birds, 



i, 1874, 441. 

 [Pyranga xstiva] a. xstiva Ooues, Birds N. W., 1874, 82 (synonymy). 

 [Pyranga xstiva cooperi] a. xstiva Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 353 (synonymy). 

 Pyranga xstiva xstiva Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 339. 

 [PJioenisoma] aestiva Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 

 Phoeniwma aestiva Oabanis, Journ. f iir Orn. , 1860, 329 (Costa Rica) . 

 Ph[oenicosoma'] aestiva Oabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 25. 

 Phoenicosoma aestiva Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 477 (Cuba); 1861, 409 



(Cuba). 

 [Phoenicosoma'] aestivum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., ill, 1876, 109. 

 [Tanagra] variegata Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 421 (based on Tanagra missis- 



sippiensis and Loxia virginioa Gmelin; =male in transition plumage) . 

 Pyranga livida Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 438 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico). 



PIRANGA RUBRA COOPERI Ridgway. 



WESTERN SUMMER TANAGER. 



Similar to P. r. ruhra, but decidedly larger, with coloration paler; 

 adult male dull vermilion above (clearer on pileum, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts), clear light vermilion beneath; adult female pale olive- 

 grayish above, tinged with olive-yellowish on back and scapulars, pale 

 chrome or pale gamboge yellow beneath. 



Ackdt mffiZe.— Length (skins), 167.6-190.5 (179.6); wing, 93-106.2 

 (100.3); tail, 75.7-85.9 (80.5); exposed culmen, 18.3-19.8 (19.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.9 (10.4); tarsus, 18.3-21.3 (20.3); middle toe 

 with claw, 14-16.5 (15).^ 



Adult fenmle.—'Le'agt]! (skins), 177.8-199.4(188.5); wing, 96.5-102.1 

 (98.6); tail, 74.9-82.8 (79); exposed culmen, 19.3-20.3 (19.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.7; tarsus, 19.8-21.1 (20.6); middle toe, 14.6-16 (16.2).' 

 Southwestern United States, from middle Texas through western 

 Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to the lower Colorado Valley, Cali- 

 fornia; south through western Mexico to the state of Colima; north, 

 casually (?) to Colorado (Denver). 



Pyranga xstiva (not Tanagra xstiva Gmelin) Woodhousb, in Rep. Sitgreaves' 

 Expl. Zuni and Colorado, 1853, 82, part (Texas; New Mexico).— Henry, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 312 (New Mexico); xi, 1859, 106 

 (do.).— Heeemann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, no. 1, 1859, 17 (Texas).— 

 Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1861, 162 (Ft. Yuma, Arizona).— Coues, Ibis, 

 1865, 159 (New Mexico); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Ari- 

 zona).— Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., i, 1870, 338 (Mazatlan). 



' Ten specimens. ^ Six specimens. 



