84 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Pyranga hepatica (not of Swainson) ConES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. Phila., xviu, 1866, 

 /I, part (Los Pines, New Mexico). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 508 (Tucson, Arizona; descr. nest and eggs). 



Pyranga cooperi Ridgway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxi, June, 1869, 130 (Los 

 Pinos, New Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.),— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 142 

 (Ft. Mojave, California; Los Piiios; Mazatlan, Colima). — Baikd, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2. — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 290 (Mazatlan; Presidio, near 

 Mazatlan; Colima). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 184 (Presidio). 



[Piranga] cooperi Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 61, no. 6847. 



Pyranga lestiva . . var. cooperi Ooues, Check List, 1873, no. 108(i. — Henshaw, 

 Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1874, 60 (Denver, Colorado), 108 (Gila R., 

 Arizona); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 239, pis. 2, 3 (Denver; Gila 

 and San Francisco rivers, Arizona). 



Pyranga sestiva, var. cooperi Baihd, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 i, 1874, 444. 



Pyranga wstiva var. cooperi Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 273 

 (Mazatlan). 



[Pyranga .-estiva] b. cooperi CouES, Birds N. W., 1874, 82 (synonymy). 



Pyranga a^tiva cooperi Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 352, part (excl. synonymy 

 under "a. lestiea"); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 156. — Ridgway, Nom. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1881, no. 164a.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 147 

 (near Tucson, Arizona; Rio Grande and Gila R., New Mexico; measure- 

 ments, etc. ); Auk, ii, 1885, 198 (Camp Lowell, Arizona; descr. young, etc.). 



P [yranga'] alestival cooperi Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 



Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 354. — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 610a. — Mobcom, 

 Bull. Ridgw. Orn. CI., no. 2, 1887, 50 (Yuma, Arizona). — Scott, Auk, v, 

 1888, 30 (Tucson, Riverside, Florence, Mineral Creek, San Pedro Valley, 

 and Sierra Santa Catalina, Arizona, up to 4,000 ft.) . 



P [iranga] rubra cooperi Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454 



PIRANGA HEPATICA Swainson. 

 HEPATIC TANAGER. 



Adult male in summer. — Pileum dull scarlet or orange-vermilion, 

 brightest on forehead and superciliary region, duller toward hindneck; 

 back and scapulars light grayish brown, tinged with red; lesser wing- 

 coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts more reddish than back (dull 

 brownish orange- red); wings grayish brown with pale reddish edgings 

 (nearly vinaceous-cinnamon on greater coverts and tertials, dilute 

 orange-rufous on primaries); tail light brown with edgings of light 

 dull orange-red; lores dusky grayish; auriculars light reddish gray 

 (mi I'h like color of back and scapulars) with narrow shaft-streaks of 

 whitish anteriorly; under parts flame scarlet, passing into pale reddish 

 gray on flanks; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish (light bluish gray 

 in life?); iris brown, legs and feet horn color in dried skins, bluish 

 gray in life. 



Adult Tuale vn autumn and winter. — Plumage softer; back and scap- 

 ulars more strongly tinged with brownish gray; red of under parts less 



