BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 89 



outer margin of black; bill (in life) grayish blue basally, dull yellow- 

 isli green terminally; iris brown; legs and feet (in life) pale lavender 

 gray or lilaceous grayish blue. 



Adult male in fall and winter. — Wings and tail black, as in summer; 

 rest of upper parts yellowish olive-green, more yellowish on forehead 

 and crown; under parts yellow (gamboge), shaded with olive-green 

 laterally. 



Adidt female in spring and summer. — Above yellowish olive-green, 

 usually somewhat more grayish on back and scapulars, especially the 

 latter; wings (except lesser coverts and tail) dusky brownish gray 

 with olive-greenish edgings; under parts light yellow (about interme- 

 diate between citron or sulphur and canary), shaded laterally with 

 olive-greenish; under tail-coverts clear canary yellow; under wing- 

 coverts grayish white (sometimes slightly tinged with pale yellow), 

 with broad outer margin of grayish olive-green or dull olive-grayish; 

 bill (in dried skins) horn color, the mandible paler; iris brown; legs 

 and feet (in dried skins) grayish horn-color (bluish gray in life?). 



Young male in first aidumn. — Similar to adult female but yellow of 

 under parts rather clearer, and middle and greater w ing-coverts mar- 

 gined terminally with light yellow; the black first appearing (by mid- 

 dle of September) on lesser and middle wing-coverts and scapulars. 



Young male., nestling pluiiuige. — Above olive-greenish, faintly mot- 

 tled with dusky; wings and tail grayish dusky with olive-green edg- 

 ings, the middle wing-coverts and outer webs of greater coverts tipped 

 with olive-yellowish, producing two rather distinct bands; under 

 parts white, tinged with sulphur yellow posteriorly (the under tail- 

 coverts canary yellow), the chest, upper breast, and sides broadly 

 streaked with grayish dusky. 



Adult mMe.— Length (skins), 158.8-171.5 (163.6);' wing, 91.9-99.3 

 (95.8); tail, 65-71.6(68.3); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.7 (15.2); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.4); tarsus, 19.6-20.8 (19.8); middle toe, 13.2- 

 15.5 (14). ' 



Adidtfe^nale.— Length (skins), 157.5-170.2 (165.1);' wing, 87.6-94.5 

 (92.7); tail, 64-70.4 (67.1); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.7 (15); depth of 

 bill at base, 8.1-9.4 (8.9); tarsus, 17.8-20.8 (19.6); middle toe, 13-14.7 

 (13.7).^ 



Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, north 

 to New Brunswick (Grand Falls), Nova Scotia, northern Ontario (Parr/ 

 Sound, Muskoka, etc.), Manitoba (Winnipeg, Assiniboine River, etc.), 

 breeding southward at least to Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, etc. (in 

 Allegheny Mountains to South Carolina); in winter migrating south- 

 ward to West Indies (Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Barbados; Antigua), 

 and through Mexico, Central America, and northern South America 



' Length before skinning, about 1 84. 2-190. 5. ^ Fourteen specimens. 



'Length before skinning, about 7-7.25. *Teu specimens. 



