BIRDS OV NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 91 



Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 435, pi. 20, figs. 7, 8.— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc, Lond., 1874, 514 (centr. Peru).— Boucakd, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 55 (San Jos^, Oosta Rica, Apr.); 1883, 443 (Yucatan), — Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (plumages of adult male). — Ridgway, Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 161.— Chamberlain, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 

 111 (Grand Falls, New Brunswick). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 287. — Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 326 (song). — Berlepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1884, 292 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). — Taczanowski and Ber- 

 lepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Machay, centr. Ecuador, Dec.)— 

 AgeSsborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding. ) 

 [Piranga] rubra Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6835. 

 [Pyranga^ rubra Codes, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 111. — Sclater and Salvin, 



Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Plyrangal rubra Newton (A. and E. ), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. — Coues, Key 



N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 

 Piranga rubra Mesriau, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 25, 1884, 283 (Bermudas, 1 



spec, Apr. 18, 1881). 

 P[h(«n.isoma'] rubra Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 

 Phloenicosoma'] rubra Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 24. 

 Phoenicosoma rubra Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 477 (Cuba). 

 {Phoenicosoma'] rubrum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 

 Pyranga erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 293, pi. 22, 



fig. 1 (based on Tanagra rubra Latham, etc.). 

 Pyranga etythromelas [err. typ.] Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 800. 

 Piranga erythromelas American Ornithologists' Union, Check List., 1886, no. 

 608. — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 110 (mountains of w. North Carohna, 

 breeding up to 5,000 ft. ). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 199 (West Indian references; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Barbadoes); viii, 1891, 47 (Antigua); Birds W. I., 1889, 86; 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 114, 152 (New Providence and Andros, Bahamas; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Tortola; Barbados). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartage, Dota", and Barranca, Costa Eica). — 

 Bond, Auk, vi, 1889, 341 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 2 specs.. May 28).— Scott, 

 Auk, vi, 1889, 324 (Tarpon Springs, s. w. Florida, migr.; Key West, Apr. 

 27 and 29); x, 1893, 180 (Jamaica).— Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 215.— 

 LooMis, Auk, vii, 1890, 125 (mountains of South Carolina, breeding above 

 2,000 ft.); viii, 1891, 329 (Greenville Co., South Carolina, 2,000 ft.); x, 1893, 

 154 (remarks on plumage). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 

 608 (Winnipeg, Assiniboine R., etc., Manitoba, rare summer resident).— 

 Goss, Birds, Kansas, 1891, 497 (summer resid. e. and mid. Kansas).— Rich- 

 mond, Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 Sept. 27; Rio Frio, Costa Rica, Mar. 1, both in scarlet and black plumage!) .— 

 Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 2, pi. 25, fig. 1.— Cooke, Bull. 

 Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167 (near Newcastle, Colorado, 2 specs, spring, 

 1892; Del Norte Valley, 1 spec. Sept., 1883) .—Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 

 42 (Parry Sound and Muskoka, n. Ontario, common summer resident). 

 Pliranga} erythromelas Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454. 



PIRANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wilson). 

 LOUISIANA TANAGER. 



Adult male in summer. — Back, scapulars, wings, and tail black, the 

 first sometimes slightly mixed with yellow; posterior row of lesser 

 wing-coverts, middle coverts, broad tips to outer webs of greater 

 coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, hindneck, and under parts of body 



