BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 185 



yellow. (Some specimens apparently nearly or quite mature have 

 indistinct brownish margins to posterior scapulars and interscapulars.) 

 Chiriqui (Bugaba) and Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Chepo, Rio 

 Lara) to eastern Peru (Pebas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, Rio Ucayali, 

 Chyavetas, Chamicuros, etc.), Bolivia (Tilotilo), Paraguay (Lambare), 

 southerD Brazil (Chapada, province of Matto-Grosso; Blumenau, prov- 

 ince of Santa Catarina; Piquete, province of Sao Paulo; Ypanema: 

 Bahia, etc.), British Guiana (Bartica Grove), Trinidad, and Tobago. 



Xanthomus decumanus Pallas, Spicil. ZooL, fasc. vi, 1769, 1 (" America"). 

 Ostinops decumanus Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, 200 (San Jos^ and Atanques, 

 prov. Santa Marta, Colombia; crit. nom. ); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 

 440 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Pa,nama; Turbo, n. 

 Colombia; Guiana; Bolivia; s. e. Brazil). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 See. Lond., 1879, 508 (Eemedios, Antioquia). — Sclatek, Ibis, 1883, 151 

 (monogr. ); Oat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 315 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion 

 Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Atanques, Bogota, and Antioquia, 

 Colombia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Pebas and Santa Cruz, e. Peru; Tilotilo, 

 Bolivia; Barra do Rio Negro, Ypanema, and Bahia, Brazil; Bartica Grove, 

 British Guiana; Tobago) . — Taczanowski, Orn. du Perou, ii, 1885, 404. — 

 Salvin, Ibis, 1885, 217 (Bartica Grove, British Gaiana). — Beelepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1887, 10 (Lambare, Paraguay), 116 (Paraguay) ; 1889, 299 (Yuri- 

 maguas, n.e. Peru). — Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889,84 (lov^erBeniR,, 

 Bolivia) ; iii, 1891, 376 (Chapada, prov. Matto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil; descr. nest 

 and eggs, etc.). — Chapman, Auk, vii, 1890, 269 (Santarem, lov^er Amazon); 

 Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 35 (Trinidad; habits; notes).— Cory, Auk, 

 X, 1893, 220 (Tobago).— Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Magda- 

 lenaR., Colombia). — Phelps, Auk,xiv, 1897, 364 (Cumanacoa, Venezuela). — 

 Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 177 (Palomina, prov. Santa Marta, 

 Colombia).— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Honda, Rio Com- 

 beima, and Nevada del Tolima, centr. Colombia).— Salvadoki, Boll. Mus. 

 Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, 5 (Rio Lara, Isthmus of Panama); xv, no. 378, 

 1900,6 (Urucum, prov. Matto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil).— Salvadori and Festa, 

 Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899,28(Gualaquizaaud Valle del Zamora, 

 e. Ecuador) .—IiiERiNG, Aves de S. Paulo, 1899, 169 (Piquete, prov. S. 

 Paulo, s. Brazil).— Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 163 (Ouaca, 

 prov. Santa Marta, Colombia).— Robinson and RichmoiJid, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus.jxxiv, 1901,' 175 (Cucurutl and San Julian, Venezuela). 



(?) Xanthomus maximus Pallas, Spicil. ZooL, fasc. vi, 1769, 3 pi. 1 (America). 



Onolus ovtrius MiIllee, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 87 (based on Cassique huppe, de 

 Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 344). 



Cassicus cUrms Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 68 (monogr.). 



Oriolus cristaius BovBAERT, Tabl. PI. Enl., 178S, 21 (based on Cassique huppe, de 

 Ca2/«nne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 344). 



[Oriolus'] cristatus GuELiN, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 387.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 

 174. 



Jctems cTOtotas Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 46. 



Cassicus oristatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 362; Enc. M^th., ii, 

 1828, 721.— Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1831, 1220.— Tschudi, 

 Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1849, 232.— Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. 

 Guiana, iii, 1848, 680.— Burmeister, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 275.— 

 Descourtilz, Orn. Br^s., 1854-56, pi. 45, fig. (3).— Berlepsch, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1873, 248 (Blumenau, prov. Santa Catarina, s. Brazil; localities, ref- 

 erences, etc.). 



