BIRDS OF NOKTH. AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 219 



1888, 174 (New Orleans).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, Punta 



Rassa, upper Caloosahatchie R., and Key West, s. Florida, breeding).— 



Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 5 (descr.; crit).— Wayne, Auk, 



xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding. )—Bendikjs, Life Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 500, pi. 7, figs. 24, 25.— Beyee, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., 



for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (Louisiana, breeding). 

 Qluiscalus} quismla agl'ims Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. 

 (?) Quiscalua quiscula (not Ciraaila qiiiscula Linnaeus?) Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 



Val., 1888, 174 (West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, breeding).— Beyer, 



Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (breeding in Baton Rouge 



and St. Tammany Parishes, Louisiana). 

 Qluiscalm] p[urpureus'] aglxus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 414. 

 Qudscalm versicolor aglsmg Sclateh, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, 1884, 154 (monogr.); Cat. 



Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, in text. 

 Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) Allen, Bull; Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 



1871, 291, excl. syn. part (e. Florida; crit.).— (?) Lanqdon, Journ. Cine. 



Soc. N. A., 1881, 150 (West Baton Rouge, Louisiana, breeding). — Maynard, 



Birds E. N. Am. 1881, 148, part. 



QUISCALUS QUISCULA .ffiNEUS Ridgway. 

 BRONZEI) GRACELE. 



Differing from both Q. q. quiscula and Q. q. aglceus in the perfectly 

 uniform bronze color of the entire body (except chest), and wholly 

 unbarred bronze or purplish bronze wing-coverts; about the size of 

 the former. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and chest varying in color from greenish 

 blue to purple, the neck and chest sometimes brassy green; rest of the 

 plumage perfectly uniform bronze or brassy olive, becoming more 

 purplish on wings and tail; the lesser wing-coverts uniform brassy olive 

 or bronze, and neither these nor the middle coverts ever marked with 

 bars of other metallic tints; length (skins), 276.9-317.5 (297.7); wing, 

 136.7-153.2 (134.9); culmen, from base, 30.7-33.6 (32.3); depth of bill 

 at base, 12.7-14 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.8 (36.8); middle toe, 24.1-26.9 

 (25.4).' 



Adnilt female. — Similar to the male, but decidedly smaller and much 

 duller in color; length (skins), 235-269.2 (254.8); wing, 122.7-131.6 

 (126.5); tail, 105.7-113.3 (110.7); culmen, from base, 28.7-31.2 (29.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.2-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 31.5-34.8 (33.8); middle 

 toe, 22.6-23.9 (23.1).' 



Temperate North America east of Rocky Mountains, except Atlantic 

 coast district from shores of Long Island Sound southward and the Gulf 

 coast from Florida to Louisiana; breeding from Massachusetts,' New 



' Ten specimens. 



■■' Eight specimens. 



' Many, if not all, specimens from the coast of Massachusetts are more or less inter- 

 mediate between this form and the true Q. quiscula, the breeding range of which 

 there adjoins that of Q. q- seneus. 



