238 BXJLLETIK 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Quiscalus ma/or Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part (Loui- 

 siana; includes M. m. maerourus) ; Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 900. — Bonapaetb, Am. 

 Orn., iv, 1825, 35, pi. 4; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.— Nuttall, Man. 

 Om. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 192.— Audubon, Om. Biog., ii, 1834, 504; v, 

 1838, 480, pi. 187; Synopsis, 1839, 146; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 52, pi. 

 220.— Baied, Eep. Pacific R. R.Surv., ix, 1858, 555; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 420; (?) Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 20 (Browns- 

 ville, Texas). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part ("North America"); 

 Ibis, 1884, 155 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 395.— Deessek, 

 Ibis, 1865, 494 (Houston and Galveston, Texas, May, June). — Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 409 (monogr.).— Coubs, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina) ; 1871, 25 (Fort Macon, North Carolina; habits, 

 descr. nest and eggs, etc.); Ibis, 1870, 367 (Fort Macon, North Carolina; 

 biography); Check List, 1873, no. 224; 2d ed., 1882, no. 334; Birds N. W., 

 1874, 204, part (synonymy). — Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 

 295 (e. Florida; measurements, etc.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 222, pi. 36, figs. 3, 4.— PuRDifi, Bull. Nutt. Om. 

 Club, ii, 1877, 13 (references, etc., to alleged New England occurrences cited). — 

 Maynaed, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 151.— Ridgway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 277.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 168 (coast s. e. 

 Texas, breeding); Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 303. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 513.^Smith (H. M.) , Auk, iv, 1887, 

 346 (breeding on Cobb's and other islands near Cape Charles, Virginia). — 

 Cooke, BirdMigr. Miss. Val., 1888, 177 (coast Louisiana and Texas). — Chap- 

 man, Auk, V, 1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 

 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, Florida). — Mortimer, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 341 (Orange Co., Florida; food). — Bendiee, Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 506, pi. 7, figs. 30, 31 (eggs).— Beyee, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. 

 for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (s. Louisiana, resident). 



Q[uiscalus2 major Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. — Conis, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.— Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. 



IQuiscalus] major CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. 



[^Quiscalus major'] var. major Baird, Beewee, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 214. 



[^Quiscahis major] a. Tumjor Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). 



Ch[alcophanes] major Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 196. 



Scaphidurus major major Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



Quiscalus corvirms Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300 (North America). 



Quiscalus palustris (not of Cassin) Ridgway, Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 218, 

 part (Louisiana) ; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 276, part. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MACROURUS (Swainson). 

 OREAT-TAIXED ORAOELE. 



Similarto Jf^ m. major, but larger, with the tail proportionately longer 

 (in adult male, averaging much longer than wing instead of decidedly 

 shorter); adult male with the violet gloss of anterior portions extend- 

 ing farther backward, especially on under parts, where covering the 

 breast and anterior portion of sides; ackilt female decidedly darker 

 both above and below, the under parts of the body grayish brown 

 (deep hair brown) instead of buffy brown (wood brown or Isabella 

 color), only the chin and throat being tinged with or inclining to bufly. 



