BIKDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 247 



northern Michigan north to Ungava (Fort Chimo), and northwest- 

 wai'dly to the Arctic coast and Alaskan shores of Bering Sea; south 

 in winter to the Gulf coast (Florida to Texas); west, more or less 

 regularly, to western border of the Great Plains, casually to Lower 

 California (San Pedro Martir Mountains) ; accidental in Greenland. 



Turdus carolinus Muller, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 140 (based on Mauvis de la 



Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2,= female in autumn). 

 Scolecophagm carolinus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 

 356; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 322. — American Orxithologists' Union, Check 

 List, 1886, no. 509.— Smith, Auk, iii, 1886, 284 (Denver, Colorado, Dec. 17) .— 

 Turner, Contr. Nat. 'Hist. Alaska, 1886, 168 (St. Michaels, Yukon R., 

 etc.).— Nelson, Kep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 169 (coast Bering Sea, 

 etc.).— TowNSEND, Cruise "Corwin" in 1885 (1887), 93 (Kotzebue Sound 

 and lower Kowak R., Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 12 (Kowak R.). — Thokne, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 264 (Fort Lyon, e. Colorado).— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 

 Val., 1888, 172 (breeding from Manitoba northward, wintering from St. 

 Louis, Missouri, southward; dates of migr., etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 95 

 (Denver, 2 specs., Dec. 17, 1883; Loveland, 1 spec, Nov. 1889). — Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 581 (Manitoba, migrant). — Hagerup, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).— Macfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 

 440 (Fort Anderson, Horton R., etc., breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 

 408 (e. Kansas, Oct. to Mar.).— Coombs, Auk, ix, 1892, 205 (Bayou Teche, 

 Louisiana, abt. fall and spring). — Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 10 (Prince Edward 

 L, breeding).— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893,239 (San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower 

 California, accidental). — Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. 

 Florida, winter). — Bendike, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 489, pi. 7, figs. 

 14-16.— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 298.— Knight, Bull. no. 

 3, Univ. Maine, 1897, 88 (breeding in n. counties and MaguUoway district, 

 Maine).— Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 77 (Tyonek, Cook Inlet, 

 Alaska, Sept. ; Ft. Kenai, Alaska, May, July) . 



S\colecophagus\ carolinus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



Turdus brunneus Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 32, part (based on Mauvis, de 

 la Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2). 



[Oriolusl ferrugineus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Rusty Oriole Pen- 

 nant, Arctic Zool., ii, 260). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. 



Oracula ferruginea Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 41, pi. 21, fig. 3. 



Qmscalus ferrugineus Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 55. — Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 129.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 325; v, 

 1839, 483, pi. 147; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 

 65, pi. 222. 



Qlmcalus'] /erruj/meus Maximilian, Journ. fiirOrn.,vi, 1858, 204 (descriptions; 

 food, etc.). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 286.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.— Woodhouse, Rep. 

 Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuiiiand Col. R., 1853, 78, part ( Indian Territory ).—Baibd, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 551; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 417.— 

 CouES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 225 (coast Labrador, breeding); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 221; 2d ed., 1882, no. 331; Birds N. W., 1874, 198; 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Souris R., etc.. North 

 Dakota, Sept.).— Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breed- 

 ing); 1863, 82.— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140; Ibis, 1884, 150 (monogr. ), 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 390.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 412 (monogr.).— D ALL and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 285 

 (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding).— Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. 



