BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 251 



3, 1893, 274 (lower Saskatchewan).— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro 

 Martir Mts., Lower California, breeding); Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fer- 

 nando, Lower California, breeding). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 

 1895, 493, pi. 7, figs. 17-20 (eggs).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 

 1898, 42 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft.). 



Sc[olecophagus] cyanocephalus Oabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 195, footnote 

 (Mexico). 



Slcolecophagus] cyanocephalus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411. — 

 RiDGWAY, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



[Scokcophagus~\ cyanocephalus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. — Sclatek 

 and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 38. ■ 



Scoleophagus cyanocephalus Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 

 (Louisiana in winter). 



ScolecophagusmemcanusBwAmsof!, Anim. inMenag., 1838,302 (Mexico). — Baied, 

 inStansbury'sBep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Fort Union; California). — New- 

 berry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (California; Oregon; Fort Van- 

 couver, Washington). 



Sclolecophagus'] mexicanus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 423 (w. Mexico; N. 

 Am.) 



Quiscalus mexicanus Heermann, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, ii, 1852, 268 

 (California). 



Quiscalus breweri Avdvbon, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1843, 345, pi. 492 ("upper 

 Missouri River and Yellowstone" ). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus (not Oriolus ferrugineus Gmelin) Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 146, part (Columbia R.). — Gambel, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, 

 i, 1847, 47.— WooDHOusE, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 78, 

 part (Texas; New Mexico; California). — Holden, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 XV, 1872, 203 (Sherman, Wyoming, breeding). 



Scoleophagus ferrugineus Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (New 

 Mexico; California). 



Qaiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse) Newberry, Rep. Pacific B. R. Surv., 

 X, pt. vi, 1859, 86 (San Francisco, California). 



Scolecophagus carolinus (not Turdus carolinus Miiller) Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 322 (Big Plain and Winnipeg, Manitoba, breeding). 



Genus PTILOXBNA Chapman. 



Ptiloxena Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, Dec, 1892, 307. (Type, 

 Quiscalus atroviolaceus D'Orbigny.) 



Medium-sized semi-terrestrial Icteridte with bill shorter than head, 

 decidedly curved above, about half as deep at the base as length of 

 culmen; nostrils small, narrow, obliquely vertical, above lateral 

 median line of maxilla; wing moderate with tip subtruncate; tail 

 about four-fifths as long as wing, not plicate, rounded, with rectrices 

 broad and rounded at ends; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter 

 than tarsus, and claws of lateral toes falling short of base of middle 

 ,claw; structure of feathers of anterior contour feathers (especially on 

 chest) peculiar, the barbicels on terminal two-thirds fasciculate and 

 adherent to the barb; coloration uniform black, slightly glossed (sexes 

 alike). 



Bill shorter than head, conical, but with upper outline decidedly 



