BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



371 



Young, first fall rmd inhiter. — SimiUir to (and not with certainty 

 distinguishable from ?) the adult female. 



Young, first pliuiiar/e.—':^\vD.\\2iY to the adult female, but "entire 

 plumage, particularly below, of a more buffy color; there is a necklace 

 of faint dusky spots across the breast, and the flank streaks are almost 

 indistinguishable. " ' 



Adult vuile. — Length (skins), 160-lSS (169.2); wing, !l?>.7-101.6 

 (97.5); tail, 62.7-68.6(65.3); culmen, from base, 14.7-17.5 (15.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.4-11.7 (1(».9); tarsus, -MA-2^.b (27.4); middle toe, 

 20.3-22.4(21.3).' 



Admit /ema/('.— Length (skins), 152.4-166.4 (158); wing, 85.1-89.7 

 (87.4); tail, 58.7-64.5 (61); culmen, from base, 14.5-15.6 (1.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 24.i»-27.2 (25.9); middle toe, 

 18. 5-2L 1(20.1).^ 



Eastern and central temperate North America; breeding from Penn- 

 sylvania, northwestern West Virginia (Fairview), central Ohio, central 

 Indiana (south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Marion, Madison, Dela- 

 ware, Wayne, and Union counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa 

 (Decatur and Mahaska counties). South Dakota, and Utah, northward 

 to provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Assiniboia, and British 

 Columbia (both sides of Cascade range), to about 40° on the Atlantic 

 coast and 52° in the interior; west to Utah (Salt Lake and Utah val- 

 leys), northeastern Nevada (Ruby Valley), Idaho (St. Joseph River), 

 and southeastern British Columbia (Chilliwack) ; during migration 

 southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, .Jamaica, Vieque, 

 Sombrero, Barbados, Grenada), arid the Atlantic coast of Central 

 America (from Yucatan southward) to South America, as far as Para- 

 guay, southern Brazil, Bolivia, etc. ; also to the Galapagos Archipelago 

 (James, Charles, and Chatham islands), and the Bermudas. 



[Fringilla^ oryzivora LiNNiBUs, Syst. Nat., eil. 10, i, 1758, 179 (based on ..1ms 

 arundmacea" Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 1758, pi. 291, smaller fig.). 



^Chapman, The Auk, vi, 1890, 121. I have not been able to examine a specimen 

 of the young in first plumage. 

 ^Twenty specimens. 

 ^ Eight specimens. 

 Eastern and western specimens compare in average measurements as follows: 



