BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEKICA. 385 



broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obsolete or very minute. 

 Wing long (more than four times as long as tarsus), the tip well 

 produced (longer than tarsus); ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries 

 longest, the ninth equal to or longer than seventh. Tail less than two- 

 thirds as long as wing (decidedly less than distance from bend of wing to 

 tip of secondaries), emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus 

 rather short (much shorter than exposed culmen, much less than one- 

 fourth as long as wing), the acrotarsial scutella rather distinct; 

 middle toe with claw longer than tarsus; claws of lateral toes reach- 

 ing about to base of middle claw, the outer slightly longer than the 

 inner; basal phalanx of middle toe united for its entire length to outer 

 toe, for about half its length to inner toe; hallux about as long as 

 lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit, 

 very strongly curved. 



Coloration. — Adult males rich blue or violet-blue, with lores, wings, 

 and tail (also throat or else back) black; females green above, beneath 

 paler (sometimes yellowish or buffy), more or less streaked. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil; Cuba. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYANERPES. 



a. General color blue and black. (Adult males. ) 

 6. Chin and throat purplish blue, like rest of under parts; back black; inner weba 

 of remiges partly yellow. (Southern Mexico to southern Brazil; Cuba.) 



Cyauerpes cyanens, adult male (p. 386) 



66. Chin and throat black; back purplish blue; inner webs of remiges without 



yellow. 



c. Black of throat not extending beyond, truncated posteriorly; general color 



violet-blue (smalt or hyacinth). (Colombia to Bolivia and eastern Peru.) 



Cyanerpes caernleus, adult male (extralimitaP) 

 cc. Black of throat extending over chest, rounded or convex posteriorly; general 

 color ultramarine or french blue. 

 d. Larger (wing 52.1-60.4, exposed culmen 15.5-19.6); blue color duller. 

 (Isthmus of Panama to Guatemala. ) 



Cyanerpes lucidus, adult male (p. 389) 



'Cyansepes CjBkuleus (Linnseus). 



[Certhia] a^rulea Linnjsus, Syst. Nat, ed. 10, i, 1758; 118; ed. 12, i, 1766, 185. 



C[sereba} cservlea Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 610. 



Cc6re6a cairutea ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 33. 



A\rhelorUna\ coerulea Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Raise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. 



Cyanerpes c^rulem Obeeholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; geog. range). 



[Certhia] oehrochlora Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 472 (based on YelloiO- 

 cheeked Creeper Latham, Gen. Synopsis,!, pt. 2, p. 734; Surinam). 



[CeHMa] surinamensis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Certhia 

 oehrochlora Gmelin; Yellow-cheeked Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, p. 734). 



A\rbelorhma\ brevirostris Cabani8;'Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- 

 zuela; coll. Heine Mus.). 



Coereba brmroslris Sclatee, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia). 



Coereba coerulea microrhyncha Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., xxxii, Oct., 1884, 287 

 ( Bucaramanga and Bogota, Colombia; coll. Count von Berlepsch). 



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