BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 593 



occiput usually more or less intermixed with chestnut, sometimes with 

 a considerable patch of that color; chestnut of under parts sometimes 

 wholly absent, but usually the area so colored in the male more or less 

 distinctly indicated, especially across chest and along sides; forehead 

 and sides of head never (?) black;' length (skins), 113-123.2 (118.9); 

 wing, 67.8-73.9 (69.6); tail, 48-52.8 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 

 (9.6); tarsus, 17.8-19.3 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).' 



Young in first autumn and vnntar. — Pileum, hindneck, back, and 

 scapulars dull yellowish olive-green, usually indistinctly (rarely dis- 

 tinctly) streaked with black, often without streaks; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts more grayish than back, with or without streaks; wings 

 and tail as in adults, but white wing-bands usually tinged, more or 

 less, with olive -yellowish; sides of head and neck mostly yellowish 

 olive or dull olive-yellow, relieved by a dusky grayish loral and post- 

 ocular streak, the eyelids white or pale yellowish; under parts pale 

 buff or buffy whitish, more decidedly whitish on throat and abdomen, 

 more strongly buff on flanks and under tail-coverts, the former usually 

 tinged (sometimes strongly) with chestnut. 



Toung female, first plumage. — "Remiges, rectrices, primary coverts, 

 and alul« as in adult. Pileum, nape, and rump dull brown; back dull 

 ohve-green; upper tail-coverts slaty-black. Entire under parts 

 creamy-white, with the slightest possible tinge of clay-color, varying 

 to ashy on the breast No trace of chestnut on the flanks. Sides of 

 head buff, strongly tinged with greenish on the auriculars and maxil- 

 lary line. Each feather of the body, both above and beneath, with a 

 large terminal spot of black; the posterioi half of abdomen, anal 

 region, and crissum are, however, immaculate. In my collection, 

 • from Upton, Me., August 9, 1873.'" 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; north to Hudson Bay 

 (Moose Factory, Hamilton Inlet, etc.) and Manitoba (Portage la 



' Usually the adult female has the back more narrowly streaked than the adult 

 male; sometimes the streaks, both on back and pileum, are nearly obsolete. 

 ''Eight specimens. 



.'Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58-59. Mr. Brewster adds that "a 



very complete suite of specimens, taken late ni August and early in September, 



illustrates well the development of the plumage of the young of this species. The 



spotted feathers of the under parts, with the exception of a narrow line down the 



center of the breast, are the first to disappear, and simultaneously with their removal, 



the chestnut flank-patches become apparent. Next the pileum and nape take on 



the autumnal green, and last of all the feathers of the back and central line beneath 



are changed. Adults of this species in fall dress are indistinguishable from the young, 



except by the more pronounced chestnut on the sides." While admitting the possi- 



' bility that adults assume a different plumage in winter, I would say that adult males 



' in the National Museum collection from Guatemala and Colombia (Bogota), pre- 



< sumably taken in winter, are in coloration exactly like spring and summer speci- 



' mens from the United States. 



3654— VOL 2—01 38 



