BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 629 



stage of G. trichas by the ashy cast of the pileum and the absence 

 of brownish on the sides."' 



Adult male.— lieagth (skins), 118.1-125 (121); wing, 58.4-66 (61.5); 

 tail, 46. 2-52. 3 (49); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 20.3-21 8 

 (20.8); middle toe, 12.7-14 (13.7).' 



Adult female.— Length, (skins), 111.5-133.8 (120.9); wing, 54.6-61.7 

 (58.9); tail, 42.7-49.8 (46.7); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.9 (11.2); tarsus, 

 20.6-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 12.4^13.2 (12.7).= 



Eastern United States and British Provinces; breeding from moun- 

 tains of West Virginia (spruce belt) and Pennsylvania (Westmoreland 

 County), New York (Delaware, Greene, Oneida, Niagara, and Ontario 

 counties), higher districts of New England, Michigan, eastern 

 Nebraska (?), and Minnesota (Carlton and St. Louis counties), north- 

 ward at least to northwestern Ontario (Parry Sound and Muskoka) and 

 Manitoba (Winnipeg, Selkirk Settlement, Carberry, Duck Mountain, 

 Waterhen River, Swan Lake, etc.);* during migration southward 

 through eastern United States in general (as far west as central Texas), 

 and in winter south to Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica, Chiriqui, 

 Colombia (numerous records), and Ecuador (Mapoto; Machay); no West 

 Indian nor valid Mexican record. Accidental in southern Greenland 

 (two records). 



Sylvia Philadelphia Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 101, pi. 14, fig. 6 (near Philadel- 

 phia, Pennsylvania, June).— Vieillot, Enc. M6th., ii, 1823, 449.— Bona- 

 parte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 85.— NuTTALL, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 404.— Addubon, Orn. Biog., 

 V, 1839, 78. 



Triehas Philadelphia Jaedine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 249.— Richaedson, 

 Rep. Brit Assoc, for 1836 (1837), 172.— Bonapaete, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 20, part (includes Oporomis agilis). — Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 64; 

 Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 76, pi. 101.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and 

 Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 459.— Cabot, Naumannia, ii, Heft, iii, 1852, 66 (Lake 

 Superior).— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).— 

 Eeinhaedt, Ved. Med. for 1853, 1854, 73 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 6 (Fisk- 

 enaesset, Greenland, 1846; Julianshaab, Greenland, 1853; 2 specs). 



T[richas] Philadelphia Geay, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. 



[Trichas'] Philadelphia Bo-SAP A^-iE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310.— Gray, Hand-list, i, 

 1869, 242, no. 3509. 



Triehas philadelphica Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 282 

 (Nova Scotia).— Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1864 (1865), 438 

 (Missouri). 



Geothlypi^ Philadelphia Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 243; ed. 1860 

 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pi. 79, fig. 3; Gat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 172; 

 Eeview Am. Birds, 1865, 226.— Lawbence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 

 (Panama E. R.) ; ix, 1868, 94 (Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica). — Deesser, 



'Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61. 

 ^ Eight specimens. ' Four specimens. 



The breeding range of this species is very imperfectly known, both as to its north- 

 ern and southern limits. 



