BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 725 



spicuous patch of yellow on each side of chest and breast, the median 

 portion of breast, together with sides and flanks, sometimes tinged 

 with yellow, bill dark brown or brownish black in summer, pale brown 

 in winter; iris, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 112-121 

 (116.9); wing, 58-66 (61.1); tail, 49-58 (54.1); exposed culmen, 8-9 

 (8.8): tarsus, 15-18 (17.1); middle toe, 9-11 (10.4).' 



Immature male!'' — Similar in coloration to the adult female and 

 sometimes indistinguishable,^ but usually (?) with the back, etc., more 

 brownish olive and the yellow patch on side of breast more orange or 

 salmon color. 



Immature female. — Similar to the adult female but gray of head 

 and neck more brownish, less strongly contrasted with olive of back; 

 throat and chest (especially the latter) tinged with brownish buff; yel- 

 low on sides of breast less distinct, and that at base of secondaries 

 almost (sometimes entirely; concealed. 



Young {both sexes), frst plnmnge. — Above plain grayish brown, 

 beneath plain grayish white, deepening into pale gray on chest; no 

 yellow on sides of breast; wings and tail as in older birds, but middle 

 and greater wing-coverts tipped with dull white or pale yellowish, 

 forming two bands. 



Temperate North America in general, except Pacific coast district 

 and western portions of Rocky Mountain district, within the United 

 States; breeding northward in the Atlantic coast district to Nova Scotia, 

 in the interior to Mackenzie (Fort Simpson, Fort Resolution, etc.), and 

 on the Pacific coast to southern Alaska (Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay), 

 westward to Utah (Wasatch Mountains), Idaho (Fort Sherman), east- 

 ern Washington (Okanogan County), and British Columbia (chiefly east 

 of Cascade Mountains), southward to Mississippi, etc.; occurring cas- 

 ually or occasionallj^ in California (Haywards, June 20), Oregon (John 

 Day River, July 1), Lower California (Miraflores and La Paz, Feb- 

 ruary, March), Arizona (Catalina Mountains, August 2, Tucson, spi'ing), 

 ajid other parts of extreme western United States; in winter south 

 throughout West . Indies, Mexico, and Central America to northern 

 South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and British 

 Guiana). 



IMoiacUla] ruticilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 186 (based on The Red- 

 Start, Ruiidlla americana, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 67, pi. 67). 



\_Mmdcapa] ruiidlla Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 326.— Gmelin, Syst. 

 Nat, i, pt. ii, 1788, 9.35.— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 478. 



Musdcapa ruiidlla Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 33 (ex Gobe-mou£he,d' Amerique, 

 Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 566, figs. 1, 2).— Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 

 66, pis. 35, 36.— Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 103, pi. 6, fig. 6; v, 1812, 119, 

 pi. 45, fig. 2.— Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xi, 1817, 362.— Bonaparte, 



' Eleven specimens. 



^ The male is several years in acquiring the full plumage. 



'Unless some specimens have been incorrectly determined as to sex. 



