ANTHOPHILA BEES 



I I 



a rule, distinguished from 



W, 



Y^ 



or sub-divisions. The bees are, as 

 other Hj'menoptera by tlie hairs, by tlie great development of the 

 mouth parts to form a proboscis (usually, hut not correctly, called 

 tongue), and by the modilication of the hind-legs ; but these 

 distinctive characters are in some of the species exhibited in so 

 minor a degree of perfection that it is not easy to recognise these 

 primitive forms as Anthophila. A few general remarks on the 

 three points mentioned will enable the student to better appreciate 

 the importance of certain points we shall subsequently deal with. 

 The bees are, as a rule, much more covered with hair than 

 any other of the Hymenoptera. Saunders ^ states that he has 

 examined the structure of the 

 hairs in all the genera of British 

 Aculeata, and that in none but 

 the Anthophila do branched and 

 plumose hairs occur. The func- 

 tion of this kind of hairs is 

 unknown; Saunders suggests-' that 

 they may be instrumental in the 

 gathering of pollen, but they 

 occur in the parasitic bees as 

 well as in the males, neither of 

 which gather pollen. The variety 

 of the positions they occupy on 

 the body seems to offer but little 

 support to the suggestion. Not 

 all the hairs of the bee's body 

 are plumose, some are simple, 

 as shown in Fig. 5, A, and this is 

 specially the case with the hairs 

 that are placed at the edges of 

 the dilated plates for carrying 



pollen. In some forms there is an extensive system of simple 

 hairs all over the body, and the "feathers" are distributed 

 between these ; and we do not see any reason for assuming that 

 the feathered are superior to the simple hairs for gathering and 

 carrying pollen. Some bees, e.g. Prosopis, Ceratina, have very 

 little hair on the body, but nevertheless some plumose hairs 

 are always present even though they be very short: 



1 Trans, ent. S'oc. 1878, p. 169. 



n 



Fig. 5. — Hairs of Bees : A, simple hair 

 from abdomen of Osmia ; B, spiral 

 hair from abdomen of MnindiUe ; C, 

 plumose hair from thorax of Meija- 

 chile; D, from thorax of Andrenn 

 dorsata ; E, from thorax of Proso^iis. 



