CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



Rhythmic Movements — Analogy between Involuntary and Voluntary Movements 4:61 



§§ 110-113. Circulation in the Leech contrasted with that in Plants — How the Circulation connects the Organic 



and Inorganic Kingdoms — The Digestion and the Circulation — Ciha, their Form and Function . 463-465 

 §§ 114. Undefined Forces of the Circulation — Slowing and Quickening of the Circulation . . . 466 



§§ 115-121. Circulation in the Star -Fish, Spider, and Insect — Functions performed by the Valves of the Vessels 



in Insects — Circulation in the Lobster — Position of the Respiratory Apparatus in the Lobster, Fish, &c. 



— Circulation in the Brachiopoda, Gastropoda, and Cuttle-fish . .... 469-472 



THE CIRCULATION IN ANIMALS {Vertebrata) 



§§ 122-126. Circulation in the Fish, Batrachia, Frog, Lacerta ocellata, Python, Crocodile, &c. — Presence of 



Septum Ventriculorum . . . . . . ... . 473-477 



THE FCETAL CIRCULATION 



§§ 127-129. Points of Analogy between the Circulation in Reptiles and that in the Human FcEtus — Circulation 



in the Body of the Foetus — Circulation in the Placenta ... . . 477-480 



§ 130. Distribution of the Great Vessels in Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals . . 493 



§ 131. Valves in the Heart of the Bird . . 493 



§§ 132-133. The Respiration and Circulation in Birds — The Air-Sacs of Birds, &c. . . . 494 



THE CIRCULATION IN THE MAMMAL 



§ 134. The Auricles, Ventricles, Valves, Septa, &c., of the Heart of the Mammal . ... 496 



§§ 135-138. The Right Heart of the Mammal — The Blood urged on by a Wave-Movement : the Heart and 

 Vessels Open and Close in Parts — The Valves of the Right Heart of the Mammal — Safety- Valve Action 

 of the Tricuspid ... 497-500 



§§ 139-144. The Left Heart and Valves of the Mammal. The Circulation in the Head, Liver, and Erectile 

 Tissues — The Lymphatic and Capillary Vessels of Animals — Structure of the Capillaries and Small 

 Arteries and Veins : Vessels Close and Elongate, and Open and Shorten — Elastic and Vital Properties 

 of Vessels — Structure of the Large Arteries and Veins . ... 501-504 



STRUCTURE OF THE HEART OF THE MAMMAL 

 § 145. The Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres in the Auricles and Ventricles, especially in the Ventricles 506 



ARRANGEMENT OF THE MUSCULAR FIBRES IN THE HOLLOW VISCERA GENERALLY 

 § 146. Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres in the Bladder and Prostate ... . 519 



§ 147. The Distribution of the Fibres in the Muscular Coats of the Stomach of Man and Other MammaUa 522 



§ 148. Oesophageal or Cardiac Sphincter not hitherto described 525 



§ 149. The Pyloric Sphincter— its Ultimate Structure . ... .525 



Movements of the Human Stomach and its Sphincters 527 



§ 150. Analogy between the Muscular Arrangements and Movements of the Hollow Viscera (Heart, Stomach, 



Bladder, Uterus) and those of the Trunk and Extremities of Vertebrates 531 



