RADIATING AND CONCENTRIC ARRANGEMENTS 



PLATE XXIV 



b 



41 



Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. .3. 



PLATE XXIII {eontimied) 



(Plate xxii., Fig 1, A) ; radiolarian (Fig. 3 of this Plate) ; diatom (Fig. 4 of this Plate) ; sea-urchin (Plate xxiv., Fig. 1) ; the 

 scales of fishes (Plate xxiv., Fig. 3); sections of hail (Fig. 2, B and 0) ; various crystals as figured at Plates i., ii., iii., and iv. ; and 

 various structures delineated in Plate v. The radiating and conceiitiii- airangements obtain in certain crystals and in all parts of plants 

 and animals. 



Fig. 3. — A radiolarian (Tlialassicola pelar/ira) (after Haeekel). Shows radiating and concentric arrangements, a, Central portion ; 

 6, c, concentric parts ; d, e, radiating parts. 



Fig. 4. — A diatom (Arachnodisni.i ehrenbergii), illustrating the radiating and concentric arrangements. «, Central portion of 

 diatom ; b, concentric portions ; c, d, e, radiating parts. 



Fig. 5. — Haliomma wyvillei (after Wyville Thomson). Shows radiating, concentric, and network arrangement of parts. 



Fig. 6. — Skeleton of Xiplmcantha murrayana (Guide-Book Coral Gallery, British Museum). Reveals radiating and concentric 

 arrangement in hard parts of animals. Resembles the arrangement met with in tlie spicules of glass sponges (Plate xliv., Fig. 7) ; corals 

 (Plate XXV., Figs. 5 and 6); blood-vessels of lobule of liver (Plate xxxiii., Fig. 1) ; ganglion nerve cell (Plate xxxviii., Fig. 4) ; various 

 flowers and trees (Plate xxvi.. Fig. 1 ; Plate xxviii., Figs. 3 and 5) ; star-fishes (Plate xxviii., Figs. 2 and 4) ; sea anemones (Plate 

 xxvii., Fig. 4) ; crystals and dendrites (Plate xxxiv., Figs. 3 and 4; Plati' xxxv.. Fig. 4) ; electric spark (Plate xxxi., Fig. 2), &c. The 

 radiating and concentric arrangements are fundamental and universal in the inorganic and organic kingdoms (the Author). 



PLATE XXIV 



Plate xxiv. illustrates radiating and concentric arrangements in the sea-urchin, sponge, and scales of fishes. 



Fig. 1. — Aboral surface of sea-urchin (Arbacia). Shows radiating and concentric arrangements, a, Central portion of case or 

 shell ; 6, hexagonal plates of same arranged in concentric rings ; c, d, e, hexagonal plates arranged in wedges, and radiating. Drawn 

 by C. Berjeau for the Author. 



Fig. 2. — Transverse section of sponge (Sycandra) (after Masterman). Shows modification of radiating and concentric arrangements. 

 a, Central cavity ; b, prosopyle ; c, c', inhalent canals ; d, d', exhalent canals, 



VOL. I. F 



