XX 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Venation of Leaves . ' . 



Forms of Simple Leaves 



Forms of Compound Leaves 



Petiole or Leaf-Stalk . 



Stipules 



Anomalous Forms of Leaves and Petioles 



Structure and Form of Leaves in the Great Divisions of 



the Vegetahle Kingdom . 

 Phyllotaris, or the Arrangement of Leaves on the Axis 

 Leaf-buds ..... 

 Vernation ..... 

 Aerial and Subterranean Leaf-buds 

 Anomalies and Transformations of Leaf-buds . 

 Tendrils ..... 



Special Functions of Leaves . 



83 

 85 

 91 

 94 

 97 

 99 



100 

 101 

 108 

 110 

 114 

 116 

 120 

 121 



Section II. — Generai. View of the Functions oe the Nutri- 

 tive Oroans .... 124 



1. Food of Plants, and Sources whence they derive their 



NouiTshment . . . . .124 



Chemical Composition of Plants . . . 124 



Organic Constituents and their Sources . . 126 



Inorganic Constituents and their Sources . . 128 



Chemical Composition of Soils . . 134 



Application -of Manure ' . . . . 136 



Various kinds of Manure . . . 136 



Epiphytic and Parasitic Plants . . .141 



2. Absorption and Circulation of Fluids . . . 142 



3. Respiration of Plants . . . . .155 



Effects of Certain Gases on Living Plants . 159 



4. Products and Secretions of Plants . . . 161 



Section III. — Organs oe Ebpeoduction . . . 171 



Structure, Arrangement, and Functions . . 171 



1. Inflorescence or the arrangement of the flowers on the 



axis ...... 172 



Tabular View of Inflorescence or Anthotazis . . 188 



2. Bracts or Floral leaves .... 189 



3. The Flower and its Appendages . . . 191 

 Flower-bud, aestivation .... 193 

 External Floral Whorls, or the Floral Envelopes . 195 



Calyx ...... 195 



Corolla ...... 200 



Nectaries and Anomalies of the Petals . . 209 

 Inner Floral Whorls, or the Essential Organs of Repro- 

 duction ...... 211 



Stamens ..... 212 



Pollen ...... 228 



Disk . . . . . .234 



Pistil, Carpels, and Placenta . . . 235 



Ovule ...... 251 



4. Functions of the Floral Envelopes . . . 258 



5. Functions of the Stamens and Pistil ; Fertilisation or 



Fecundation • . . . . 264 



