198 



FLORAL ENVELOPES — CALYX. 



the calyx being tripartite, quadripartite, quinquepartite, etc. The 

 adhesion or union of the parts may be complete, and the calyx may 

 be quite entire or truncate, as in some Correas, the venation being 

 the chief indication of the different parts. The adhesion is sometimes 

 irregular, some parts uniting to a greater extent than others ; thus a 

 two-lipped or labiate calyjc is formed, which, when the upper or 

 posterior lip is arched, becomes ringent. The upper lip is often com- 

 posed of three parts, which are thus posterior or next the axis, while 

 the lower has two, which are anterior. The part formed by the 

 union of the sepals is called the tube of the calyx ; the portion where 

 the sepals are free is the limb. Sometimes a gamosepalous calyx 

 assumes an angular or prismatic form, as in Lamium and Primula, 

 and then the angles are marked by the midribs of the sepals which 

 form it. Occasionally the calyx has a globular form, as in the globe- 

 flower, at other times it is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, turbinate (like a 

 top), or inflated as in Silene inflata (fig. 297). 



Occasionally, certain parts of the sepals 

 undergo marked enlargement. In the 

 Violet, the calycine segments (lacinim) are 

 prolonged downwards beyond their inser- 

 tions, and in the Indian Oress (Tropseolum) 

 this prolongation is in the form of a spur 

 (calear), formed by three sepals (fig. 299 e) ; 

 in Delphinium it is formed by one. When 

 one or more sepals are thus enlarged, the 

 calyx is calcarate or spurred. In Pelar- 

 gonium the spur from one of the sepals 

 is adherent to the flower-stalk. 

 In some plants, as in the Mallow tribe, the flower appears to be 

 provided with a double calyx, which has been denominated caliculmte, 

 the outer calyx being the epicalyx. In fig. 298, c represents the 

 calyx of Hibiscus, and b the smaller calyx or epicalyx outside ; and 

 in fig. 300, the same thing is shown in PotentUla verna. Many 

 authors look upon this epicalyx as a collection of 

 whorled bractlets, forming an involucre immedi- 

 ately below the flower. In some cases the project- 

 ing teeth between the divisions of the calyx, as in 

 Kosacese, are to be traced to the transformed 

 stipules of the calycine leaves. Degenerations take 

 place in the calyx, so that it becomes dry, scaly, 

 and glumaceous (like the glumes of grasses), as in 

 the Rush tribe ; hairy, as in Oompositse ; or a mere rim, as in some 

 Umbelliferse and Acanthacese, when it is called obsolete or mwrginate. 



p, Pedicel 



Fig. 299. 



Fig. 

 Fig. 300. 



199. Calcarate calyx of Tropseolum, Indian cress, e. Spur or calear. 

 Calyx, c c, of PotentiUa verna, with its epicalyx or caliculus, 6 6. 



