COEOLLINE APPENDAGES. 



209 



two flowering glumes. In the Oat (Avena) there are two empty 

 glumes [gluma, a husk), usually three flowering glumes with awns, and 

 two lodicules (hdicula, a coverlet), .representing the perianth. In 

 Sedges (Oarices) the male flowers are borne on scales, and so are 

 the female, as shown in figure 332, in which the scale, s, is placed 

 on one side. Within the scale the female flower is situated, having 

 a peculiar bag-like covering, m, termed perigynium. 



Nectaries and Anomalies in Petals. — Certain abnormal 

 appearances occur in the petals of some flowers, which received in 

 former days the name of nectaries. The term nectary was very vaguely 

 applied by Linnaeus to any part of the flower which presented an un- 



Kg. 331. 



Fig. 332. 



Fig. 383. 



Fig. 334. 



usual aspect, as the crown (corona) of Narcissus, the fringes of the 

 Passion-flower, etc. If the name is retained, it ought properly to 

 include only those parts which secrete a honey-like matter, as the 

 glandular depression at the base of the perianth of the Pritillary- (fig. 

 333 ?■), or on the petal of Eanunoulus, or on the stamens of Kutacese. 

 The honey secreted by flowers attracts insects, which, by conveying the 

 pollen to the stigma, effect fertilisation. What have usually, however, 



Fig. 331. Flower of Oat [Avmia saliva), witli tlie two empty glumes, and the outer flower — 

 glume removed. The inner glumella or palea, pi, is seen of a lanceolate form, and bidentate 

 at the apex. The outer glumella has a long twisted geniculate dorsal awn, with two points 

 of bristlei! at the summit. By removing this glumella there are seen two scales (lodicnlse, 

 squamse), sg, with the three stamens and two feathery styles. Fig. 332. Female (pistilli- 

 ferous or pistillate) flower of a Sedge (Carex), with a single glume or scale, s. The pistil is 

 covered by an nroeolate glumaceous bag, u, called perigynium. There is one style, si, with 

 three stigmas at its summit. Fig. 333. One of the segments, s, of the perianth of Fritil- 

 laria imperialis, or Crown Imperial, with a pit or depression, r, at its base, containing 

 honey-like matter. The cavity is colom'ed differently from the rest of the segment, and it 

 is often called a nectary, or a nectariferous gland. i'ig. 334. Petal of Lychnis fulgens, 

 seen on its inner side, o. Claw. I, Limb, a. An appendage supposed to be form^ by 

 chorisis. Tills appendage was called a neotaiy by old authors. 



