ESSENTIAL ORGANS — THE STYLE. 



247 



manner, so that its apex (as in reclinate' vernation, fig. 222 o) ap- 

 proaches more or less the base. When the folding is slight, the 

 style becomes lateral (fig. 416); when to a greater extent, the style 

 appears to arise from near the base, as in the Strawberry (fig. 434), or 

 from the base, as in Chrysobalanus leaco (fig. 435), when it is called 

 basilar. In all these cases the style still indicates the organic apex of 

 the ovary, although it may not be the apparent apex. 



The carpel sometimes becomes imbedded in the torus, which 

 consequently forms an elevated margin round it ; and then, if the 

 style is basilar or lateral, it may adhere to a portion of the torus, on 

 one side of the carpel, and appear to arise from it. This is seen in 

 Labiatse (fig. 436) and Boraginacess (fig. 437), where the four carpels, 

 0, are sunk in the torus, r, in such a way that the common style, s, 

 formed by the union of four 

 basilar styles, seems to be 

 actually a prolongation of the 

 torus. When carpels are 

 arranged round a central pro- 

 longation of the torus, with 

 which their united style is con- 

 tinuous, the arrangement is 

 called a gynobase (yuvij, pistil, 

 /3aff/ff, base). It is well de- 

 veloped in Ochnacese. In Ge- ^"S- *36. Fig. 43r. 

 raniacesB there is a carpophore or prolongation of the torus in the 

 form of a long beak, to which the styles' are attached. 



The form of the style is usually cylindrical, n;iore or 

 less filiform and simple ; sometimes it is grooved on one 

 side, at other times it is flat, thick, angular, compressed, 

 and even petaloid, as in Iris and Oanna. In Goodeni- 

 aceae it ends in a cup-like expansion, enclosing the stigma. 

 It may be smooth and covered with glands and hairs. 

 These hairs occasionally aid in the application of the 

 pollen to the stigma, and are called collecting hairs, as in 

 Goldfussia ; in Campanula they appear double and re- 

 tractile. In Aster and other Oompositse (fig. 438) hairs 

 are produced on parts of the style, pc, prolonged be- 



Fig. 438. 



yond the stigma, s; these hairs, during the upward development of 



Fig, 436. Pistil of Lamium altum, shown hy a vertical section of part of the flower. 

 Two of the four ovaries have been removed to exhibit the connection of the style with the 

 torus, r, by adhesion, o. The two remaining ovaries, d. Glandular disk placed below the 

 pistil, c, Part of calyx, p, Corolla. Fig. 437. Pistil of Eritriohium Jaoquemontianum 

 with one of .the ovaries removed in front, to show the manner in which the ovaries are 

 inserted obliquely on a pyramidal torus, r, whence the style appears to arise, ending in a 

 stigma, s. Fig. 438. Summit of the style, t, of an Aster, separating into two branches, s, 

 each terminated by an Inverted cone of collecting hairs, pc. The stigma, s, is seen below as 

 a band or line on the inner curvature of the branches. 



