EMBRYOGENY IN MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 



277 



these leafy stems also produce buds or gemmse, called innovations. 

 There is thus a multiplication by sexual reproduction and by gem- 

 mation, as in higher plants. 



Kg. 497. 



Fig. 496. 



Fig. 495. 



Fig. 493. Archegonia of Jiingermaimia bicuspidata. a, Unimpregnated archegonium, 

 witli a tube leading to a cavity, near tlie base of wMeb is a cell. 6, Ajchegonium after 

 impregnation, with the cell divided into two nucleated portions. This double nucleated 

 body is the rudiment of the fruit-bearing stalk. At the apex of the canal leading to the cell 

 are seen spermatozoids, s s. Fig. 494. The male organs of a Moss (PolytricTivm). a, 

 Antheridium containing sperm-cells, two of which are seen at c. These spfirm-cells contain 

 spermatozoids, which are discharged so as to impregnate the archegonium. Surrounding 

 the antheridium there are filaments or paraphyses, p. Fig. 495. Sporangium of a Moss 

 {Polytriclmm), supported on a stalk. This stalked sporangium ik produced by the impreg- 

 nated cell of the archegonium. It constitutes the second generation. Fig. 496. Con- 

 fervoid filament forming the prothallium, p (exothallium), of a Moss {Fwrnria hygrometHm), 

 consisting of a congeries of cells arranged in a filiform manner. This prothallium originates 

 from the spore, and bears a bud, a, and a young stem, h, from the base of which roots 

 proceed. Fig. 497. End of fructiferous branch of Lyoopodium clavatnm, common Club- 

 moss. The leafy branch, I, ends in a stalk bearing two spikes of fructification, /. 



