310 



INDEHISCENT APOCAEPOUS FEUITS. 



seed, but separable from it (fig. 559). It may be solitary, forming a 

 single fruit, as in the Cashew (fig. 248 a, p. 173), where it is supported 

 on a fleshy peduncle, p ; or aggregate, as in Eununculus (fig. 560), where 

 several achaenia are placed on a common elevated receptacle. In the 

 Strawberry the achsenia (fig. 434, p. 246) are placed on a convex 

 succulent receptacle. In the Eose they are supported on a concave 

 receptacle (fig. 294, p. 196), and in the Pig they are placed inside 

 the hollow peduncle or receptacle (fig. 267, p. 180), which ultimately 

 forms what is commonly called the fruit. In Dorstenia (fig. 266, p. 

 180) the achenes are situated on a flat or slightly concave receptacle. 

 In the Eose the aggregate achsenia, with their covering, are sometimes 

 collectively called Gynarrhodum (xiwv, a dog, and ^odov, a rose, seen in 

 the dog-rose). It will thus be remarked that what in common 

 language are called the seeds of the Strawberry, Eose, and Fig, are in 

 reality carpels, which, are distinguished from seeds by the presence of 

 styles and stigmas. The styles occasionally remain attached to the 

 achsenia, in the form of feathery appendages, as in Clematis, where 

 they are called caudate (cauda, a tail). 



In Compositse the fruit, which is sometimes called Gypsela (xu-^sXri, 

 a box), when ripe, is an achaenium (fig. 301 t, p. 199). The calyx in the 



Fig. 661. 



Fig. 662. 



Fig, 663. 



Compositse sometimes becomes pappose, and remains attached to the 

 fruit (fig. 303, p. 199), as in Dandelion and Thistles. A pappose 

 calyx occurs also in some Dipsacacese (fig. 302, p. 199). When the 

 pericarp is thin, and appears like a bladder surrounding the seed, the 

 achsenium becomes a Utricle, as in Amarantacese. This name is often 



Fig. 661. Seed-vessel of Acer Pseudo-platanus (Sycamore, called in Scotland Plane), com- 

 posed of two samaras or winged monospernious carpels united, d. Upper part forming a 

 dorsal wing. I, Lower portion corresponding to tlie loculaments. Fig. 662. Samara 

 taken from the fruit of Hirsea. s, Persistent style. I, Part corresponding to the locula- 

 ment. a a. Marginal wing or ala. Fig. 663. Caryopsis of Secale cereale, Bye. 1, Entire. 

 2, Cut transversely to show the seed adherent to the parietes of the pericarp. 



