INDEHISCENT SYNCAEPOUS FEUITS. 



313 



miform or curved like a ■worm ; in Oarmichaelia the valves give way 

 close to the suture, and separate from it, leaving a division. 



Fig. 665. 



Fig. 686. 



Fig. 667. 



SYNCAEPotrs Fruits are formed by several carpels, which are 

 so united together as to appear one in their mature state. These 

 fruits are either dry or succulent ; in the former case being usually 

 dehiscent, in the latter indehiscent. 



Indbhiscent Syncaepous Fbuits. — The Berry (bacca) is a succu- 

 lent fruit, in which the seeds are immersed in a pulpy mass, formed 

 by the placentas. The name is usually given to such fruits as the 

 Grooseberry and Currant, in which the ovary is inferior, and the 

 placentas are parietal, the seeds being ultimately detached from the 

 placenta, and lying loose in the pulp. Others have applied it also to 

 those in which the oVary is superior, as in the Grape, Potato, and 

 Ardisia, and the placentas are central or free central. The latter 

 might be separated under the name Uva (grape). Jn general, the 

 name of baccate or berried is applied to aU pulpy fruits. In the Pome- 

 granate there is a peculiar baccate many-celled inferior fruit, 

 having a tough rind, enclosing two rows of carpels placed above 



Fig. 565. Legume of Pisum sativum, common Pea, opened. It is formed by a single 

 carpel, and dehisces by the ventral and dorsal suture, v v. Valves formed by the two parts 

 of the pericarp, jj. The epicarp or external layer of the pericarp, 'p', Endocarp or internal 

 layer. Between these the mesocBrp is situated, g, Seeds placed one over the other, 

 attached to the placenta by short funiculi or cords, //. The placenta forms a narrow line 

 along the ventral suture, sv. sd, The dorsal suture corresponding to the midrib of the 

 carpellary leaf. Fig. 566. Legume of Bladder-senna {Colutm arboresc&ns), showing an in- 

 flated, foliaceous pericarp. Fig. 567, Twisted or spiral legume of Medloago. 



