314 



INDEHISCENT SYNCAEPOUS FBTJITS. 



each other. The seeds are immersed in pulp, and are attached 

 irregularly to the parietes, base, and centre. The fruit has been 

 called Balausta {halaustiwm, flower of pomegranate), and the tough 

 rind is called malicorium (a name applied to it by Pliny). 



The Pepo or Peponida (nrivuv, a pumpkin) is illustrated by the 

 fruit of the Gourd, Melon (fig. 430, p. 245), and other Oucurbitacese, 

 where the calyx is superior, the rind is thick and fleshy, and there are 

 three or more seed-bearing parietal placentas, either surrounding a 

 central cavity, or sending prolongations inwards. The fruit of the 

 Papaw resembles the Pepo, but the calyx is not superior. 



The Eesperidium (golden fruit in the garden of Hesperides) is the 

 name given to such fruits as the Orange, Lemon, and Shaddock, in 

 which the epicarp and mesocarp form a separable rind, and the 

 endocarp sends prolongations inwards, forming triangular divisions, in 

 which pulpy cells are developed so as to surround the seeds which are 

 attached to the inner angle. Both Pepo and Hesperidium may be 

 considered as modifications of the Berry. 



Pig. 668. 



Fig. 669. 



The Pome (pomum, an apple), seen in the Apple, Pear, Quince, 

 Medlar, and Hawthorn, is a fleshy fruit with the calyx attached, and 

 has an outer skin or epicarp, a fleshy mesocarp, and a scaly or horny 

 endocarp, the core enclosing the seeds. Some look upon the so-called 

 epicarp and mesocarp as formed by the prolonged receptacle or torus 

 with a fleshy lining ; whUe the endocarp represents the true carpels. 

 In this view the endocarp might be regarded as consisting of a number 

 of iniehiscent follicles (usually five) surrounded by a pulpy torus. In the 

 Medlar the endocarp (or what may be called the true pericarp) is of a 



Fig. 568. Fruit of common Medlar (Mespilus germanica). Transverse section showing, e, 

 epicarp; s, Sarcocarp; 71, Endocarp, forming stony coverings of tlie seeds. Tlie fruit has 

 heen called nuculanium, and the hard central cells pyrense. In the Medlar, as well as in 

 the Apple, Pear, and Quince, the fruit may he considered as composed of stony or parch- 

 ment-lilie follicles, covered hy a pulpy disk. Fig. 569. Fruit of Comus mascula, com- 

 mon Cornel, 1, Transverse section detaching the upper half of the fleshy portion, s, so as 

 to show the central kernel, n. 2, Transverse section of the fruit through the central por- 

 tion, TO, showing that it consisted of two loculaments. I, One of the loculaments empty, 

 the other containing a seed, g. 



