434 



TUMAKIACEjE — CEUCIFEEiE. 



calyx separates in the form of a calyptra, resembling an extinguisher 

 of a candle. Sangmnaria canadensis, Blood-root, or Puccoon, has 

 emetic and purgat;ive properties. 



Order 10. — ruMAEiACE.a;,the Fumitory Family., (Polypet. Hypog.) 

 Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 4, cruciate ; one or both of the two outer 

 gibbous at the base, the two inner cohering at the apex. Stamens hypogy- 

 nous, usually 6, diadelphous ; anther of middle stamen of each parcel 

 bilocular, outer ones unilocular. Ovai-y free, 1-celled ; style filiform ; 

 .stigma with 2 or more points ; ovules amphitropal. Fruit either an 

 achsenium, or a 1-ceUed 2-seeded, or 2-valved many-seeded pod. Seeds 

 crested; albumen fleshy; embryo minute, eccentric. — Herbaceous 

 plants, with a watery juice, and alternate multifid leaves. Although 

 at first sight very unlike the Poppy family, the Fumitories resemble 

 this order in their deciduous sepals, in their seeds, and, in many 

 cases, in their fruit The two outer unilocular stamens of each parcel 

 may be considered as forming one perfect stamen, thus making the 

 whole number four. They are found chiefiy in northern temperate 

 latitudes. Two are found at the Cape of Good Hope. They are 

 usually scentless, and are said to be bitter and diaphoretic in their 

 properties. The tuber of Corydalis bulbosa has been used as a substi- 

 tute for Birthworts in expelling intestinal worms, and as an emmena- 

 gogue. Authors notice 18 genera, including 134 species. Examples — 

 Fumaria, Corydalis, Dicentra (Dielytra), Hypecoum. 



Order 11. — Oeucifek^, the Cruciferous or Cresswort Family, 

 Brassicacese of Lindley. {Polypet. Hypog.) Sepals 4, deciduous, the 



Fig. 670. Fig. 673. Fig. 671. ' Fig. 672. 



two lateral ones gibbous at the base. Petals 4 rarely wanting (as in 

 Pringlea), hypogynous, alternating with the sepals, deciduous, cruciate 



Figs. 670-677. Organs of fnietiiicatioii of Erysimum lanceolatum, one of tlie Cruciferse. 

 Fig. 6t0. Diagram of tlie flower, showing the arrangement of four sepals, four petals 

 alternating with them, six tetradynamons stamens, and a siliqua with replum. Fig. 671. 

 Vertical section of the flower, c. Calyx, jj. Petals. tJ, Stamens, o. Ovary laid open, s. 

 Stigma. Fig. 672. Flower deprived of its envelopes, c, e, Cicatrices left by the fall of 

 the sepals, g, Glands which are situated at the base of the stamens, e'. Two short stamens 

 opposite lateral sepals, e". Four long stamens opposite anterior and posterior sepals, p, 

 PistiL Fig. 673. Horizontal section of the ovary, g, Ovules, c. Spurious dissepiment or 

 replum, which divides the ovary into two cavities. This replum is formed by the placentas. 



