OEUOIFEEjE. 



435 



(fig. 315, p. 204). Stamens 6, tetradynamous (figs. 372, p. 226; 672) ; 

 two shorter solitary (fig. 672 e) opposite the lateral sepals, occasion- 

 ally toothed ; four longer (fig. 672 «"), opposite the anterior and pos- 

 terior sepals, generally free, sometimes partially united and furnished 

 with a tooth on the inside ; anthers bilocular, introrse (fig. 671) j (in 

 Megacarpma polyandra the stamens are numerous). Torus with green 

 glands between the petals and stamens and ovary (fig. 672 -g). Ovary 

 superior, with parietal placentas, which meet in the middle, forming a 

 spurious dissepiment or replum (fig. 673 c) ; stigmas 2, opposite the 

 placentas, or anterior and posterior (fig. 552 s, p. 306). Fruit a 

 sUiqua (figs. 674, 675), or a silicula, rarely 1-celled and indehiscent, 

 usually spuriously 2-celled and dehiscing by two valves, which sepa- 

 rate from the replum (figs. 552 r, p. 306 ; 675), one- or many-seeded. 

 Seeds campylotropous (figs. 455, p. 255 ; 

 620, p. 342), pendulous, attached in a siagle 

 row by a funiculus to each side of the pla- 

 centas (fig. 676) ; perisperm none ; embryo 

 with the radicle folded upon the cotyledons 

 which are next the placenta (figs. 620, p. 342 ; 

 677 r). — Herbaceous plants seldom under- 

 shrubs, with alternate leaves, and yellow or 

 white, rarely purple, flowers, without bracts. 

 This order is well distinguished by having 

 tetradynamous stamens. Most of the plants 

 belonging to the order are European. The 

 species, however, are found scattered all over 

 the world. Authors enumerate 172 genera, 

 including 1 700 species. Examples — Draba, Lepidium, Isatis, Brassica, 

 Sinapis, Bunias, Senebiera, Schizopetalon, Pringlea, Megacarpsea. 



The order has been subdivided into sections, according to the mode 

 in which the radicle of the embryo is folded on the cotyledons, as well 

 as according to the nature of the fruit. The sub-orders founded on the 

 embryo are — 1. Pleurorhizese (■TrXeuga, side, and g/^a, root), = cotyle- 

 dons accumbent, radicle lateral, i.e. applied to their edge, as in Stock, 

 (fig. 613, p. 340). 2. Notorhizese {vSmg, back), 1| cotyledons incum- 

 bent, radicle dorsal, i.e. applied to their back, as in Shepherd's purse, 

 (fig. 614, p. 340). 3. Orthoplooese oj^o's, straight, and ffXoxoe, a plait 

 or fold, 077 cotyledons conduplicate (folded), radicle dorsal, as in 

 Mustard (figs. 609, p. 339; 677). 4. Spirolobese {s'lri^a, a coil, and 

 Xo/3o5, a lobe), || || cotyledons folded spirally, radicle dorsal as in 

 Bunias (fig. 611, p. 339). 5. Diplecolobese {&ii, twice, vXixia, I fold 



Kg. e'!i. Siliqua or long pod. Kg. 676. Siliqua with one of its valves removed, in 

 order to show the seeds attached to the replum. • Fig. 676. Vertical section of the seed. 

 /, Funiculus or umhilical cord, t, Spermoderm or testa swoUen.at the chalaza, c. r, Eadicle. 

 0, Cotyledons. Fig. 677. Horizontal section of the seed, t, Spermoderm or testa, 



r, Eadicle. o, Incumbent cotyledons. 



Fig. 677. Fig. 676. Fig. 674. 



