CISTACE.E — CANELLACE^. 439 



Order 14. — CiSTACEiE, the Eock-Rose Family. (Polypet. Hypog.) 

 Sepals usually 5, persistent, unequal, tlie three inner with contorted 

 sestivation. Petals 5, caducous, hypogynous, aestivation corrugated, 

 and twisted in an opposite direction to that of the sepals. Stamens 

 usually 00, free, hypogynous ; anthers 2-ceLled, adnate. Ovary syn- 

 carpous, 1- or many-celled ; style single ; stigma simple. Fruit cap- 

 sular, 3-5-1 0-valved, either 1-celled or imperfectly 5-10-celled, with 

 looulicidal dehiscence. Seeds usually indefinite; embryo inverted, 

 either spiral or curved, in the midst of mealy albumen ; radicle remote 

 from the hilum. — Shrubs or herbaceous plants with entire, opposite, 

 or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate leaves. They inhabit chiefly the 

 southern regions of Europe, and the north of Africa. Some of the 

 species are remarkable for the irritability of their stamens (p. 386). 

 Many of them' yield a resinous balsamic juice, which imparts viscidity 

 to the branches. The resinous matter called ladanum or labdanum 

 is yielded by Oistus ereticus and other species. There are 4 known 

 genera, and 100 species, according to authors. Examples — Oistus, 

 Helianthemum, Hudsonia, Lechea. 



Order 15. — OANELLACEiE, the Oanella Family. Flowers herma- 

 phrodite, with imbricated braoteoles (sepals of some authors). Sepals 

 (petals of some) 4-5. Petals (petaloid scales of some) 4-5, sometimes 0. 

 Stamens 20, hypogynous, with connate filaments. Disk 0. Ovary free, 

 unilocular ; placentas 2-5 parietal ; style short ; stigmas 2-5 ; ovules 

 ascending or horizontal. Fruit baccate, 2- or many-seeded. Seeds with 

 a shining testa ; albumen fleshy and oily ; embryo straight or curved. — 

 Glabrous aromatic trees, with alternate exstipulate leaves and cymose 

 flowers. Natives of tropical America. There are 3 known genera and 

 5 species. Examples — Canella, Cinnamodendron. 



GanelU alba, a tree 30-50 feet in height, a native of the West 

 Indies, yields the canella bark, called also White Cinnamon, which 

 is imported from the Bahamas. It yields several kinds of oUs, and is 

 an aromatic stimulant. Cinnamodendron corticosum yields an aromatic 

 bark in the West Indies. 



Order 1 6. — Bixacb.S!, the Amatto or Annatto Family. (Polypet. 

 Hypog.) Sepals 4-7, slightly cohering. Petals *qual to and alternat- 

 ing with the sepals, or wanting. Stamens hypogynous, equal in 

 number to the petals, or some multiple of them. Ovary roundish, 

 sessile or slightly stalked; style either none or filiform; stigmas 

 several, more or less distinct ; ovules attached to parietal placentas, 

 which sometimes branch all over the inner surface of the valves. 

 Fruit 1-celled, containing a thin pulp, either fleshy and indehiscent, 

 or capsular, with 4 or 5 valves. Seeds numerous, enveloped in a 

 covering formed by the withered pulp; albumen fleshy, somewhat 

 oily ; embryo axile, straight ; radicle turned towards the hilum ; 

 cotyledons flat, foliaceous. — Shrubs or small trees, with alternate, 



