HYPEEIOACRffi. 455 



Citrus mediea fumislies the Citron, which is larger than the Lemon, 

 has a thicker and tuberculated rind, and a less acid pulp. The rind 

 and juice may be applied to the same purposes as those of the Lemon. 

 C. Bergamia is the Mellarosa or Bergamot, which is a variety 

 of C. Limetta, the Lime. The Bergamot is less than the Lemon in 

 size, and is more pyriform, while its colour is golden. The Lime is 

 about half the size of the Lemon ; its rind is thin, dense, and of a 

 greenish-yellow colour, and its taste is more bitter. Oil of Bergamot 

 is the volatile oil of the rind, and 100 fruits are said to yield 2^ 

 ounces. Citrus acida is the East Indian Lime. Citrus Decumana 

 furnishes the Shaddock ; 0. paradisi, the Forbidden Fruit ; C. olivcs- 

 formis, the Kumquat; and C. Pompelmos, the Pompelmoose fruit. 

 What are called horned oranges and fiagered citrons are produced by 

 a separation or multiplication of the carpels. Sometimes small fruits 

 are enclosed within the large one. In the navel-orange of Pernambuco 

 abortive carpels are seen at the apex, ^gle Marmelos (Indian Bael) 

 yields an excellent fruit. The half-ripe fruit is used as a remedy for 

 dysentery. From Feronia elephantum, a gum, like gum-arabic, is 

 procured. 



Order 35. — Hypericace^, the Tutsan or St. John's-wort 

 Family. (Polypet. Hypog) Sepals 4-5, separate or united, persist- 

 ent, usually with glandular dots, unequal ; aestivation imbricated. 

 Petals 4-5, oblique, often with black dots ; aestivation contorted. 

 Stamens hypogynous, oo ; generally polyadelphous (fig. 347, p. 218), 

 very rarely 10, and monadelphous or distinct ; filaments filiform ; 

 anthers bUocular, with longitudinal dehiscence. Carpels 2-5, united 

 round a central or basal placenta ; styles the same number as the 

 carpels, usually separate ; stigmas capitate or simple. Fruit either 

 fleshy or capsular, multilocular, and multivalvular, rarely unUooular. 

 Seeds usually 00, minute, anatropal, usually exalbuminous ; embiyo 

 usually straight. — Herbaceous plants, shrubs or trees, with exstipu- 

 late entire leaves, which are usually opposite and dotted. Flowers 

 often yellow. They are distributed very generally over all parts of 

 the globe, are found in elevated and low, dry and damp situations. 

 They yield a resinous coloured juice which has purgative properties, 

 and resembles gamboge. In the European speqies this yellow juice 

 is in small proportion to the essential oil and the rest of the vege- 

 table matter ; they have been used as tonics and astringents. Hyperi- 

 cum hircinum is fetid. A gargle for sore throats is prepared in Brazil 

 from Hypericum connatum. A decoction of the leaveS of Hypericum 

 laxiuscuium, or Allecrim brabo, is reputed in the same country to be 

 a specific against the bite of serpents. Farnassia palustris, Grass of 

 Parnassus, has remarkable gland-like bodies between the stamens (fig. 

 335, p. 210). These are probably an abortive state of the staminal 

 organs. Lindley looks upon them as bundles of stamens, and hence 



