MOEINGACEiE — EOSACE^. 483 



rather unequal, upper one ascending. Stamens 8 or 10, perigynous ; 

 filaments slightly petaloid, callous, and hairy at the base; anthers 

 simple, 1-celled, with a thick convex connective. Disk lining the 

 tube of the calyx. Ovary superior, stipitate, 1-ceUed ; ovules anatro- 

 pal, attached to parietal placentas ; style filiform ; stigma simple. 

 Fruit a pod-like capsule, 1-celled, 3-vaived, opening by loculicidal 

 dehiscence. Seeds numerous, half buried ia the spongy substance of 

 the valves, sometimes winged, exalbuminous ; embryo with a supe- 

 rior, straight, small radicle, and fleshy cotyledons. — Trees, with bi- or 

 tri-pinriate, stipulate leaves, natives of the East Indies and Arabia. 

 Some of them are pungent and aromatic. The seeds of Moringa 

 pterygosperma, Horse-radish tree, are winged, and are called Ben-nuts. 

 Prom them is procured a fluid oil, used by watchmakers, and called 

 Ben Oil. The root is pungent and stimulant, and resembles Horse- 

 radish in its taste. It is used as a stimulant in paralytic afiections and 

 intermittent fever. It is also a rubefacient. Some place this order 

 near Violaceae, others near Oapparidacese. Genus, 1 ; species, 3. 

 Example — Moringa. 



Order 66. — EosACEiS), the Rose Family. (Polypet. Perigyn.) 

 (Figs. 247, p. 172; 256, 257, p. 177; 300, p. 198; 313, p. 204; 

 419, p. 240 ; 705). Calyx 4-5-lobed (fig. 706 c c), the fifth lobe 

 superior. Petals as many as the divisions of the calyx, often 5 (fig. 

 706 p e), sometimes wanting, perigynous, generally regular ; aestiva- 

 tion quincuncial (fig. 705). Stamens inserted with the petals (fig. 

 706 e), definite or indefinite ; filaments incurved in estivation : anthers 

 bilocular (fig. 707), dehiscing longitudinally (fig. 354, p. 221). Ova- 

 ries superior, either solitary or several, unilocular (fig. 708), sometimes 

 uniting so as to form a many-oeUed pistil ; ovules, 1,2, or more, ana- 

 tropal, suspended (figs. 407 g, p. 236 ; 708 g), rarely erect ; styles 

 lateral (figs. 434, p. 246 ; 708, 710) ; stigmas usually simple. Fruit 

 either achsenia (fig. 294, p. 196), or drupes (figs. 407, p. 236 ; 709), 

 or follicles or pomes (fig. 568, p. 314). Seeds erect or inverted, 

 usually exalbuminous ; embryo straight, with the radicle next the hilum 

 (figs. 710, 712), and leafy or fleshy cotyledons (figs. 597, p. 334 ; 711). 

 — Herbaceous plants, or shrubs, or trees, with simple or compound, 

 alternate, stipulate leaves (fig. 207, p. 98), and the flowers sometimes 

 unisexual. They are found chiefly in the cold and temperate climates 

 of the northern hemisphere. Some are found on high mountains 

 within the tropics, and a few occur in warm regions. The superior 

 odd lobe of the calyx distinguishes this order from Leguminosse. 



The order has been divided into the following sub-orders: — 1. Chry- 

 sobalanese, petals and stamens more or less irregular ; ovary stipitate, 

 its stalk adhering on one side to the calyx, style basilar (fig. 435, 

 p. 246), fruit a 1-2-celled drupe. 2. Amygdalese or Pruneee (Drupar 

 cese of Lindley), tube of calyx lined with a disk, styles terminal, fruit 



