PAPAYACE^ — PASSIFLOEACEjE. 497 



scent, 1 -celled. Seeds oo , enveloped in a loose mucous coat, parietal ; 

 spermoderm brittle, pitted ; embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen ; 

 cotyledons flat ; radicle slender, turned towards the Hlum. Trees or 

 shrubs, not branching, with alternate lobed leaves, supported on long 

 slender petioles, and with unisexual flowers. They are found in South 

 America, and in other warm countries. One of the most important 

 plants of the order is Carica Papaya, the Papaw-tree, which yields 

 an acrid milky juice and an edible fruit. The juice of the unripe 

 fruit and the seeds are said to act as anthelmintics. The juice is said 

 to have the property of rendering meat tender. The order is by some 

 considered to be a tribe of Passifloracese. The order has been divided 

 into two tribes : — 1. Oarioese, corolla monopetalous, fruit succulent and 

 indehiscent. 2. Modeccese, coroUa monopetalous, fruit capsular and 

 dehiscent. There are 6 known genera, including about 40 species. 

 Examples- — ^Carica, Modecca. 



Order 80. — PASSiFtOEACE.ffii, the Passion-flower Family. (Polypet. 

 Perigyn.) Sepals 5, combined below into a more or less elongated 

 tube. Petals 5, perigynous, often with filamentous or annular pro- 

 cesses on their inside, which appear to be an altered whorl or whorls 

 of petals, occasionally wanting, imbricated in aestivation. Stamens 5, 

 monadelphous, surrounding the gynandrophore when present, rarely oo ; 

 usually with processes from the thalamus, interposed between them 

 and the petals ; anthers dithecal, extrorse, versatile, dehiscing longi- 

 tudinally ; pollen-grains sometimes bursting by opercula (fig. 388, 

 p. 230). Ovary 1-celled, often with a gynophore (p. 240) ; ovules, 

 anatropal, oo ; styles 3 ; stigmas dilated. Fruit often stipitate, 

 1-celled, sometimes 3-valved, opening by loculicidal dehiscence, or suc- 

 culent and indehiscent. Seeds oo , attached to parietal placentas, aril- 

 late, or strophiolate ; spermoderm brittle and sculptured ; embryo 

 straight in the midst of thin fleshy albumen ; radicle pointing to the 

 hilum.- — Herbs or shrubs, often climbing, with alternate stipulate or 

 exstipulate leaves. The order has been divided into three tribes : — 

 1. Paropsiese, plants not climbing, with a sessile ovary, arillate 

 seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 2. Passiflorese, climbing plants with a 

 stalked ovary, arUlate seeds, stipulate leaves, and glandular petioles. 

 3. Malesherbiese, plants not climbing, with a stalked ovary, style below 

 the apex of the ovary, strophiolate seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 

 They are natives chiefly of warm climates, and are found in America, 

 the East and West Indies. There are 12 known genera, and about 

 210 species. Examples — Paropsia, Smeathmannia, Passiflora, Tac- 

 sonia, Malesherbia. 



Considerable discussion has taken place as to the true nature of 

 the calyx and corolla in Passifloracese. Lindley supports the view 

 here given. Others consider the calyx as consisting of ten sepals in 

 two rows, the inner more or less petaloid, and they look on the petals 



2 K 



