518 COMPOSITE. 



1. Homogamous {8fios, alike, the samSj and ydfios, marriage), flowers all her- 



maphrodite (^ ). 



2. Heterogamous {^repoSf diverse), the flowers of the disk (centre) hermaphro- 



dite, those of the ray (circumference) either pistillate (female) only, or 

 neutral, i.e. destitute hoth of stamens and pistils. 



3. Monoecious, J — §, male and female flowers in the same capitulum. 



4. Heterocephalous {^epos^ diverse, and K€<pa\^y a head), some capitula 



entirely male, others entirely female, in the same plant, 



5. Dioecious, J : 5j some plants with male capitula only, others with female 



capitula only. 



The following series of terms have been used to express the nature of 

 the capitula, as regards the form and arrangement of the flowers : — 



1. Discoid or Flosculous, corollas all tuhular. 



2. Ligulate or Semiflosculons, corollas all ligulate. 



3. Radiate, corollas of the margin or ray ligulate, those of the centre or disk 



tubular. 



4. Falsely -discoid, corollas all hilahiate. 



5. Falsely-radiate, or radiatiform, coroUas of the margin ligulate, those of the 



centre hilabiate. 



Jussieu divided the order into three sections : — 1. Cynaroeephalse 

 (cynara, the artichoke), having the flowers all flosculous (tubular) ; 

 involucre hard, conical, and often spiny. 2. Corymbiferge (corymbus, 

 a corymb, and fero, I bear), having flosculous (tubular) florets in the 



Figs. 733-744. Organs of fruetifieation of Composifcae. Fig. 733. Diiigram of the flower 

 of a Seneeio. The outer.dotted circle indicates the pappose limb of the calyx ; within it is 

 the tuhular corolla with five divisions, next five stamens with united anthers, and in the 

 centre the 1-celled, 1-seeded ovaiy. Fig. 734. One of the ligulate fiowers or fiorets of Cicho- 

 rium Intybus, Succory or Chicory, belonging to the section CichoraceEe. o. Ovary com- 

 pletely adherent to the tube of the calyx, the limb of the calyx fonning a crown surround- 

 ing the base of the ligulate (strap-shaped) corolla, which has five apicilar divisions. 

 e, Cylinder formed by the anthers (synantherous), traversed by the style with its bifid 

 stigma, s. Fig. 735. Flower of Cheetanthera linearis, belonging to the section Labiatiflora;. 

 0, Ovary, with adherent ealycine tube, t, Tube of tbe gamopetalous bilabiate corolla. 

 Is, Upper lip of the corolla. 1% Lower lip of the corolla, e, Tube of the anthers, s. The 

 bifid stigma at the apex of the style. Fig. 736. Tubular (flosculous) flower of Aster mbri- 

 caulis, belonging to the section CorymbiferEe, cut longitudinally, to show the erect ovule, o, 

 enclosed in the pericarp, consisting of the walls of the ovary, and the ealycine tube incor- 

 l^orated. p, United petals, a, Pappus, consisting of the altered limb of the calyx, e, Sta- 

 mens with their united anthers, attached to the corolla, s. Style traversing the antherine 

 tube. Fig. 737-743. Summits of the styles of plants belonging to different tribes of Com- 

 positse. Two stigmatic bands are seen bordering the internal surfaceof the two branches 

 which terminate each of these styles. Several have collecting hairs at different parts. 

 Fig. 737. Summit of the style of Cichorium Intybus, one of the CiehoracesB. Fig. 738. 

 Summit of the style of Chgetanthera linearis, one of the Labiatiflorffi. Fig. 739. Summit 

 of the style of Thevenotia, one of the Cynareae, Fig. 740. Summit pf the style of Seneeio 

 Doria, one of the Senecionideae. Fig. 741. Summit of the style of Aster adulterinus, one 

 of the Asteroidese. Fig. 742, Summit of the style of Stevia puipurea, one of the Eupa- 

 toriaceaj. Fig. 743. Summit of the style of Vemonia angustifolia, one of the Vernoniacero. 

 Fig. 744. Ripe fruit (Cypsela) of a Seneeio, cut vertically, e, Exalbuminous embryo, with 

 inferior radicle, t, Spermoderm or covering of the erect seed, p, Pericarp consisting of 

 ovarian parietes with the closely-adherent ealycine tube, s. Style. 



