COMPOSITE. 519 



■disk (centre), and ligulate (semiflosculous) in the ray (circumference) ; 

 involucre hemispherical, leafy, or scaly, seldom spiny. 3. Oichoracese 

 {cichorium, succory), having the florets all ligulate. Another section 

 ■was subsequently added, 4. Labiatiflorse, containing bilabiate flowers. 



De CandoUe made the following divisions, which are now pretty 

 generally adopted : — 1. TubuMorse, hermaphrodite flowers tubular, 

 regularly 5- rarely 4-toothed. Under this section he included several 

 tribes, in which the distinctions are founded on the nature of the 

 style and stigma in the hermaphrodite flowers. These characters are 

 shown in figs. 739-743, which illustrate the tribes VernoniaceEe (flg. 

 743), Eupatoriacese (fig. 742), Asteroidese (figs. 736, 741), Senecio- 

 nideae (figs. 733, 740), and Oynarese (fig. 739). 2. Labiatiflorse, her- 

 maphrodite flowers, or at least the unisexual ones, divided into two 

 lips (fig. 735). The subdivisions of this section are also founded on 

 the style and stigma (fig; 738). 3. Liguliflorse (Oichoracese), all the 

 flowers hermaphrodite and ligulate (fig. 734). The form of the style 

 and stigma is seen in fig. 737. 



Henslow gives the following tabular view of these various divi- 

 sions — the letter I meaning ligulate flowers ; /, flosculous ; H, herma- 

 phrodite ; F, female ; N, neuter ; M, male ; the relative position of 

 the letters indicating the nature of the florets in the circumference 

 and in the centre of the same capitulum ; and in the last three divi- 

 sions the letters having reference to the nature of the separate 

 capitula : — 



Jussieu. De CandoUe. 



(/./•/) Cynarooephate ; . . | TubiiMora 1. 



( I. f. I.) CorymtiferEe . . . . ) 



{I. I. I.) Cichoraceae . . . Ligtdiilorse 3. 



* * Labiatiflorse 2. 



Heads of Flowers. ♦ Linnean Orders. 



(H. H. H.) Homogamous . . . Polygamia ^qualis. 

 (F. H. F.)i TT i ( ■■• superflua. 



( ... irustranea. 



(N. h! N.) I Heterogamous 



(F. M. F.) Moncecious 



[(H. )] Involucrate florets 



(M.) — (F.) Dioecious 



[(M.) (F.)] Heterocephalous 



necessaria. 

 segregata. 



The plants of this order are variously distributed over all quarters 

 of the world. According to the calculations of Humboldt, they con- 

 stitute 7 of the phanerogamous plants of Prance, I of Germany, tV of 

 Lapland ; in North America I, within the tropics of America 4, Upon 

 the authority of Brown they only form -h of the Flora of the north 

 of New Holland, and did not exceed -h in the collection of plants 

 formed by Smith upon the western coast of Africa in Congo. In 

 northern regions they are generally herbaceous, whUe in warm climates 

 they sometimes become shrubby, or even arborescent. Oichoracese 



