532 JASMINACEjE — COLUMELLIACE^— OLEACKiS. 



(Monopet. Eypog.) Flowers ^ . Calyx with 5-8 divisions or teeth, 

 persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, salver-shaped, 

 with 5-8 divisions ; aestivation twisted or valvate. Stamens 2, inserted 

 on the corolla, included ; anthers bilocular, with longitudinal dehis- 

 cence. Disk 0. Ovary free, 2-celled ; ovules erect, anatropal, 1-4 in 

 each cell ; style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a double berry, or a pyx- 

 idium, or a 2-valved capsule. Seeds usually solitary, rarely in pairs, 

 albuminous or exalbuminous ; embryo straight ; radicle inferior. — 

 Shrubs often with twining stems, and opposite or alternate, pinnate 

 leaves. They abound chiefly in the tropical parts of India. They 

 have frequently fragrant flowers which yield oils, and their leaves and 

 roots are sometimes bitter. The essential oil of Jasmine is procured 

 from Jasminum officinale, grandifionim, odoratissimum, and Swmbac. 

 The bitter root of Jasminum angustifolium, ground small and mixed 

 with powdered Acorus Calamus root, is considered in India as a valu- 

 able external application in cases of ringworm. In the East Indies the 

 tube of the corolla of Nyetanthes Arbor-tristis is fragrant at night, and 

 its flowers yield an orange dye. There are 6 known genera and 110 

 species. Examples — Jasminum, Nyetanthes, Bolivaria. 



Order 113.— Colitmelliace^, the Columellia Family. (Monopet. 

 Epigyn) Calyx superior, quinquepartite. Corolla rotate, inserted 

 into the calyx, 5-8 parted ; sestivation imbricate. Stamens 2, inserted 

 in the throat of the corolla ; anthers roundish, 3-lobed, extrorse, each 

 consisting of six linear sinuous cells, arranged in pairs, dehiscing longi- 

 tudinally, and attached to a 3-lobed fleshy connective. Disk fleshy, 

 perigynous. Ovary adhering to the calycine tube, 2-celled ; ovules 

 00 ; style simple, smooth ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Fruit a bilocular, 

 bivalvular capsule, with both septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence. 

 Seeds 00 ; testa smooth and coriaceous ; embryo straight, in the axis 

 of fleshy albumen ; cotyledons oval, obtuse ; radicle long, pointing to 

 the hilum. — Evergreen shrubs or trees, with opposite, entire, exstipu- 

 late leaves, and solitary yellow flowers. Natives of Mexico and Peru. 

 Their properties unknown. There is 1 genus mentioned, including 3 

 species. Example — ColumeUia. 



Order 114. — Oleace^, the Olive Family. {Monopet. Sypog.) 

 (Fig. 272, p. 184.) Flowers ^ , sometimes J $ . Calyx gamose- 

 palous, divided, persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, 4-cleft, 

 sometimes of 4 petals, which are connected in pairs by means of the 

 filaments, sometimes 0, sestivation somewhat valvate. Stamens 2 

 (rarely 4), alternate with the coroUine segments ; anthers ditheoal, with 

 longitudinal dehiscence. Disk 0. Ovary free, 2-ceIled ; ovules in - 

 pairs, collateral or pendulous ; style 1 or ; stigma entire or bifid. 

 Fruit drupaceous, baccate or capsular, sometimes samaroid (fig. 533, 

 p. 299.) Seeds often by abortion solitary; albumen dense, fleshy, 

 abundant ; embryo straight, about half the length of the albumen ; 



