EL^AGNACB^ — PBNJilACB^ — TKYMELMAGEM. 57l 



glandular. Fruit a crustaceous achsenium, enclosed within the en- 

 larged succulent perianth. Seed ascending ; embryo straight, sur- 

 rounded by thin fleshy albumen ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle inferior. 

 — Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, entire, or exstipulate 

 leaves, which are often covered with scurfy scales (fig. 87, p. 32). 

 They are found in all parts of the northern hemisphere. They have 

 no marked medicinal properties. The fruit of some is eaten. Hippo- 

 phae rharrmoides, Sea Buckthorn, is furnished with sharp spines, and 

 forms a good hedge near the sea. Its fruit is eaten, and has been 

 used as a preserve, although it is said by some to have narcotic quali- 

 ties. The plant yields a yellow dye. The fruit of Elaagnus parvifoUa 

 is eaten. Its flowers are highly fragrant, and abound in honey, 

 which is esteemed as a remedy for malignant fevers in some parts of 

 Europe. There are four known genera and 20 species. Examples — 

 Elseagnus, Hippophae. 



Order 147. — Pen^ACE^, the Sarcocol Family. {Apet. Eerigyn.) 

 Perianth coloured, salver-shaped, with a 4-lobed limb, and with two 

 or more bracts at its base, persistent. Stamens perigynous, either 4 

 or 8, alternate with the lobes of the perianth ; anthers dithecal, in- 

 trorse. Ovary superior, 4-celled ; ovules usually in pairs, collateral, 

 anatropal, ascending or suspended ; style simple ; stigmas 4. Fruit a 

 4-celled, 4-valved capsule. Seed erect or pendulous ; testa brittle ; 

 hilum with a fungus-like aril ; nucleus a fleshy mass, without dis- 

 tinction of albumen or embryo. — Shrubs, with opposite, entire, ex- 

 stipulate leaves. They are foimd at the Cape of Good Hope. They 

 have no known properties of importance. The gum-resin called Sar- 

 cocol is said to be produced on the perianth of Pencea SarcocoUa and 

 other species. There are two sections of this order: — 1. Penseese, 

 aestivation valvate, stamens 4, connective fleshy, ovules ascending. 

 2. Geissolomese, sestivation imbricate, stamens 8, connective not 

 fleshy, ovules suspended. There are 6 known genera and 21 species. 

 Examples — Penaea, Geissoloma. 



Order 148. — Thymeljeace^, the Daphne Family. (Apet. Perigyn.) 

 Perianth tubular, coloured, 4- rarely 5 -cleft, inferior; occasionally 

 with scales in its orifice ; sestivation imbricate. Stamens perigynous, 

 definite, often 8, sometimes 4 or 2, and then opposite the segments of 

 the perianth ; anthers dithecal, with" longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary 

 free, 1-celled ; ovule suspended, anatropal (fig. 462, p. 257) ; style 

 1 ; stigma undivided. Fruit either nut-like or drupaceous. Seed 

 solitary, pendulous ; albumen 0, or thin and fleshy ; embryo straight ; 

 cotyledons plano-convex, or somewhat lobed and shrivelled ; radicle 

 superior. — Shrubby, rarely herbaceous plants, with alternate, or oppo- 

 site, entire, exstipulate leaves. Natives of various parts of the world, 

 both in warm and temperate regions. There are two sections of the 

 order ; — 1. Daphnese, with hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual flowers, 



