BEOMELIAOEiB — LILIACE^. 



613 



to grow -without any direct attachment to the soil. In hothouses 

 they are frequently kept suspended in moistened moss. Some of the 

 Tillandsias are hung from balconies in South America as air-plants. 

 Tillandsia iisneoides has the appearance of the Beard-moss (Alec- 

 toria juhata, a British tree-lichen), and is used for stuflBng cushions, 

 ■etc. The plant has been called Tree-beard, Old-man's-beard, or. 

 Black Moss. The leaves of Tillandsias frequently contain much water 

 in their hollowed-out bases. The fruit of Ananassa sativa is well known 

 as the Pine-apple or Ananas (fig. 280, p. 190). It is an anthocarp- 

 ous fruit, consisting of numerous flowers and bracts united together, 

 and becoming succulent. The fruit is more or less acid in the wUd 

 ^tate, but when cultivated it becomes sweet and highly aromatic. 

 The fibres of the leaves are used in the manufacture of fine muslins. 

 The woody fibres of many Bromelias are used in manufactures. Bro- 

 melia Pinguin is used as a vermifuge in the West Indies. Its ovaries 

 do not combine into one mass, and therefore illustrate well the forma- 

 tion of the Pine-apple. The crown of the Pine-apple consists of the 

 leaves arising from the prolonged axis (fig. 570, p. 316/.) 



h. Hypogyna — Ovary superior, Flowers usually hermaphrodite. 



Order 197. — Liliace^, the Lily Family. (Mono-Perigyn. and 

 Mono-Hypog.) Flowers usually bisexual. Perianth coloured, in 2 

 rows, regular, with 6 divisions (figs. 283, 284, p. 192 ; 8,58, 859). 

 .Stamens 6 (fig. 637, p. 365), perigynous, inserted into the segments 



Fig. 858. Fig. 859. Fig. 800. Fig. 861. 



of the perianth (figs. 283, p. 192; 858, 860); anthers introrse (fig. 

 860 e). Ovary free, 3-celled (fig. 859) ; ovules 00 ; style 1 ; stigma 

 simple or 3-lobed (figs. 283, 284, p. 192; 860 «). Fruit 3-celled, 



Pigs. 858-861. Organs of fructification of Scilla autumnalis, to illustrate tlie natural 

 ■order LUiacese. Fig. 868. Flower seen from atove. ce. Outer verticil of the perianth 

 <oalyx). ci, Inner verticil of the perianth (corolla). Fig. 869. Diagram of the flower, 

 showing thrSe outer and three inner leaves of the perianth, six alternating stamens in two 

 rows, and three carpels of the ovary with, the ovules.' Fig. 860. Vertical section of the 

 flower, c c. Perianth, e. Stamens, o, Ovary, s. Style and stigmas, g, Ovules attached 

 to a placenta in the axis. Fig. 861. Seed separated and cut lengthwise. «,, Integument. 

 ^, Peiisperm. e, Embryo. 



