696 



ALTITUDINAL RANGE OF VEGETATION. 



and Grasses, while Lichens and Mosses struggle up to the imperishable 

 barrier of perpetual snow." 



On the Andes, at 13,000 to 15,000 feet, Humboldt found woolly- 

 species of Culcitium and Espeletia (0. nivalis, rufescens, reflexum, 

 and E. grandiflora and argentea), Sida pichinchensis, Eanunculus 

 nubigenus, Myrrhis andicola, and Fragaria aretioides ; and at 15,770 

 he detected Saxifraga Boussingaultii. The late Professor Jameson 

 of Quito also reported on the Flora of the Andes. On the Himalaya 

 of Sikkim Dr. Hooker observed five belts of vegetation : — 1 . Palms and 

 Plantains ; 2. Oaks and Laurels ; 3. Pines ; 4. Khododendrons and 

 Grass ; 5. Kock and Snow. These belts are seen in proceeding from 

 the bed of the Ratong up to the summit of Mon Lepcha and other 

 mountains. Mr. New has given a notice of the Subalpine flora of 

 Kilima Njaro, a mountain in Eastern Africa, 3°'8 lat., rising to the 

 height of 20,000 feet, or nearly 5000 feet above the snow-line. The 

 Flora is essentially that of the Oameroons. 1. Inhabited district : 

 Plantain, Bananas, and Maize. Thermometer ranges from 59° P. to 

 85° F. 2. Thick Jungle. 3. Gigantic trees covered with moss. 

 Herbaceous vegetation, chiefly European, Docks and Stinging Nettle. 

 Vines abound. Frost at night. 4. Verdant hiUs with pasturage of 

 clover. 5. Heath. 6. Bare hills. 7. Everlasting snow. Near the 

 snow 20 plants were gathered, including species of Adenocarpus, Heli- 

 chrysum, Artemisia, Blseria, Ericinella, Bartsia, Protea, and Gladiolus. 



DesmousUns, in his Flora of the Pyrenees, mentions the limits of 

 the following Alpine species : — 



Cochlearia pyrenaica 

 Hemiaria pyrenaica 

 Astragalus depressus 

 Vicia pyrenaica . 



French Feet. 

 5500 to 6000 

 3000 to 7500 

 7500 to 8400 

 8500 



Pedicularis pyrenaica . 9000 



Aniotangium ciliatnm . 8400 Umbilicaria cylindrina 6000 to 9000' 



Massot gives the following limits of ligneous plants on the Canigou 

 in the Pyrenees, which rises to the height of 9136 feet : — 



Feet. 



CiiltiTation of Olive .... 1378 



Abundant cultivation of Vine . 1804 



Euonymus europseus ... ,, 



Acer monspessulanum . . . 2296 



Attempted cultivation of Vine . 2460 



Sarothamuus scoparius ... ,, 



Alnus glutinosa 2624 



Castanea vesca ,, 



Eye harvest middle of July . ,, 



Oomus sanguinea . ... ,, 



Ilex Aquifolium 3240 



Prunus spinosa . . . . 3444 



Crataegus Oxyacantlxa . . . 4100 



Eubus fruticosus 4336 



Pyrus Aria 5134 



Lonicera Xylosteum . . . 

 'Corylus Avellana .... 

 Fagus sylvatica .... 

 Limit of cultivation of Potato , 



Rye harvest in the begin 



ning of September 

 Amelanchier vulgaris 

 Populus tremula . 

 Pyrus Aucuparia . 

 Piuus Picea . . 

 Sambucus racemosa 

 Pinus Abies 

 Genista purgans 

 Rhododendron ferrugineum 



Feet. 

 5134 



5324 



5380 

 6029 



676* 

 7921 



