DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS IN BRITAIN. 709 



polifolium, Tamarix gaUica, Hypericum linarifolium, Oxalis oomiculata, Corrigiola 

 littoralis, Physospermvim cornuMense, Lotelia urens, Soilla autumnalis, Trichonema 

 Colnmnae, etc. While in the south-east of Ireland the following plants connect 

 the flora with that of Devonshire and Cornwall : — Matthiola sinuata, Senebiera 

 didyma, Linaria Elatine, Sibthorpia europaea, Erica vagans, Cicendia filiformis, and 

 others. 



3. The flora of the south-east of England, where the rocks of the Cretaceous 

 ■system are chiefly developed, and in which many species occur common to this 

 district and the opposite coast of Trance. This corresponds nearly to Watson's 

 Germanic type. Among the characteristic plants may be noticed, Thlaspi per- 

 foliatum, Linum perenne, Genista pilosa, Inula Conyza, Centaurea Caloitrapa, 

 Phj'teuma orbiculare, Gentiana Pneumonanthe, several species of Verbascum, 

 Salvia pratensis, Ajuga Chamsepitys, and many chalk Orchids. 



4. An alpine flora (Boreal or Scandinavian type), developed chiefly on the 

 mountains of Scotland, and also partially on those of Cumberland and Wales. 

 The species found on the latter are all, with the exception of Lloydia serotina, 

 inhabitants also of the Scotch Highlands. The Scotch alpines all occur in Scandi- 

 navia, where they are associated with numerous additional species. This flora 

 ■corresponds nearly to Watson's Highland type. It is represented in Shetland by 

 Arenaria norvegica, and in Orkney by Primula scotica. It is largely developed on 

 the Scottish Alps. 



5. The general flora of the British islands, identical •with that of central and 

 western Europe, and which is called a Germanic flora. It corresponds to Watson's 

 British, English, and Scottish types. It is a flora which overspreads many local 

 floras throughout Europe, and gives a general character to the vegetation by the 

 presence of such common species as Bellis perennis. Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus 

 ■acris, R. Ficaria, Cardamine hirsuta, and our most common trees and shrubs. 

 Certain species are more limited in their distribution, and characterise particular 

 districts. Some are limited to the eastern counties of England, others occur in 

 Scotland and England, and not in Ireland. Certain species flourish best on lime- 

 stone, others in sandy soils. 



There are in Britain a few sporadic plants, which are met with 

 only in one or two localities. Thus Oxytropis campestris is limited 

 to a single rock in Glen Fee, Clova ; Lychnis alpina to a small alpine 

 summit, Little GrUrannoch in Clova, and Hobcarten Fell in Cumberland ; 

 Astragalus alpinus to a rock in Glen Dole, Clova, and to Little Craig- 

 indal, a mountain in Braemar; Saxifraga cemua to the summit of 

 Ben Lawers ; Carex lagopina to the summit of Lochnagar and Cairn- 

 toul, Aberdeenshire ; Carex Grahami to a rock in Glen Fee, Clova ; 

 Carex frigida and Salix Sadleri to rocks above Loch Ceander, at the 

 head of Glen Callater, Braemar; Phyllodoce cserulea to the Sow of AthoU; 

 Saxifraga csespiton to rocks on Ben Avon, Braemar ; Carex Buxbaumii 

 to Harbour Island, Lough , Neagh ; PotentUla rupestris to Craig 

 Breidden, Montgomeryshire ; Neotinea intacta, Castle Taylor, Galway ; 

 Spiranthes gemmipara, Bantry Bay; Epipogium Gmelini, Todston, 

 Delamere Forest ; Oypripodium Calecolus, Castle Eden Dene ; Lloydia 

 serotina, Snowdon; Eriocaulon septangulare to the Isle of Skye in 

 Scotland, and to Connemara in Ireland. The last-mentioned plant 

 belongs to an American genus, and is supposed by some to have 

 migrated from the New World. 



