712 



GEOGRAPHICAL BOTANY. 



feet, and in succession -we come to the upper limits of the following 

 species : — Erica cinerea, Pinus sylvestris, Carex pauciflora, Pedicularis 

 sylyatica, at 1838 feet ; Tofieldia paJustris, Erica Tetralix, at 2370 

 feet ; Arctostaphylos Uva^Ursi, Thalictrum alpinum, Vaccinium Vitis- 

 Idsea, Hieracium alpinum, Juniperus communis var. nana, at 2660 feet; 

 PotentUla TormentiUa, Calluna vulgaris, at 2690 feet ; Azalea pro- 

 cumbens, Armeria maritima, Oochlearia groenlandica, Arabis petraea, 

 Eubus ChamEemorus, Epilobium alpinum, E. angustifolium, Vaccinium 

 uliginosum, Sibbaldia procumbens, Saxifraga stellaris, ALchemiUa 

 alpina, Empetrum nigrum, Juncus trifidus, Cnaphalium supinum, and 

 on the summit Silene acaulis, Carex rigida, Luzula arcuata and L. 

 spicata, Salix herbacea. Other lofty mountains, as Ben Lawers, 3984 

 feet, Ben Nevis, 4406 feet, exhibit similar changes in the vegetation. 

 Examples of the altitudinal limits of some alpine species are given 

 below : — 



Thalictrum alpiuum 

 Draba rupesti-is 



incarta 



Thlaspi alpestre . 

 Arabia petraaa 

 CooUearia grcenlandica 

 Silene acaulis 



maritima 



Lychnis alpina 

 Alsine rubella 

 Sagina nivalis 



procumbens 



Cherleria sedoides . 

 Sagina saxatills . 

 Cerastium alpinum 



latifoliuni 



trigynum 



Astragalus alpinus 

 Oxytropis campestris 

 Dryas octopetala . 

 Potentilla maculata 

 Eubus Chamaemorus 

 Sibbaldia procumbens 

 Alchemilla alpina . 

 Epilobium alpinum 



alsinitolium 



Sedum Ehodiola . 

 a cemua . 

 rirularis 

 nivalis . 

 hypnoides 

 oppositifolia 

 stellaris 

 csespitosa 

 aizoides 



Lower 

 Limit. 

 Feet. 

 1050 

 3700 

 2000 



2000 

 



1250 

 



2560 



'2550 

 1950 

 2550 

 3000 



2500 

 1500 

 1750 

 1500 



450 

 1400 



800 



3750 

 3000 

 2000 

 1200 

 950 

 1400 



Upper 

 Limit. 

 Feet. 

 3900 

 3900 

 3300 

 2400 

 3200 

 3900 

 4296 

 3300 

 3200 

 3900 

 3900 

 3800 

 3900 

 2700 

 3900 

 3750 

 2700 

 2700 

 2100 

 2700 

 2700 

 3300 

 4000 

 4000 

 3900 

 2900 

 3900 

 3984 

 3600 

 3800 

 3700 

 3900 

 3900 

 3800 

 3000 



Gomus suecica 

 Gnaphalium supinum . 

 Erigeron alpinus . 

 Saussurea alpina . 

 Apargia Taraxaoi . 

 Hieracium alpinum 

 Mulgediura alpinum 

 Vaccinium uliginosum 

 PhyUodooe csBrulea 

 Azalea procumbens 

 Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi 



alpina . 



Gentiana nivalis . 

 Bartsia alpina 

 Veronica alpina . 



sazatilis . 



humifusa 



Myosotis alpestris 

 Armeria maritima . 

 Plantago maritima 

 Oxyria reniformis . 

 Empetrum nigrum 

 Salix lapponum 



lauata . 



reticulata 



• Sadleri 



herbacea 



Betula nana . 

 Tofieldia paliistris 

 Luzula arcuata 



spicata 



Jimcus trifidis 



castaneus . 



biglumis . 



triglumis . 



Lower 

 Limit. 

 Feet. 

 1750 

 1400 

 2450 

 2000 

 2300 

 1850 

 2200 

 1500 



1850 



1850 

 2500 

 1800 

 2500 

 2200 

 2000 

 3100 



800 



1050 

 2400 

 2550 



1850 

 1650 

 1050 



1600 

 2000 

 2400 

 2700 

 1750 



Upper 

 Limit. 

 Feet. 

 2850 

 4000 

 2700 

 3500 

 3000 

 3000 

 2860 

 3300 

 2700 

 3550 

 2850 

 2700 

 3000 

 3000 

 3600 

 2700 

 3700 

 3000 

 4000 

 1350 

 3000 

 3000 

 2550 

 2700 

 3300 

 3300 

 4350 

 2700 

 2550 

 4296 

 4296 

 4100 

 3000 

 3300 

 2700 



