MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS. 783 



Stomata. — Cuticle of Leek, Hyacinth, Begonia, Oleander, LUiurn, 

 Equisetum, Box, G-asteria, Marehantia, Crinum, Yucca, BiUbergia, 

 Mistleto, Hellebore, Ivy. 



Antheridia and Archegonia. — Prothallus of Ferns, Mosses, Fucus, 

 Marehantia, spermatozoids in Ferns and Chara. 



Conjugating Cells. — Zygnema nitidum, Tyndaridea, Cylindrocystis, 

 Desmidiese. 



Vascular Tissue. — Young stems of herbaceous plants. 



Spiral Vessels. — Canna bicolor. Pitcher plant (Nepenthes), Banana 

 and Plantain, Cactus, Hyacinth, Asparagus, Balsam, Strelitzia, 

 branching spirals in Mistleto, Long-leek, and Anagallis. Compound 

 spirals in Water-lily and Lilium candidum ; a loose spiral in stalk of 

 Horsetails (Equisetum). 



Amiular Vessels. — Opuntia vulgaris. Leek, Equisetum maximum. 



Dotted or Pitted Vessels. — Sugar-Cane, Nepenthes, Willow, Ash, 

 Bramble, Clematis Vitalba, Papaver somniferum, Balsam. Tylosis 

 in pitted vessels of Walnut, Hazel, Vine, Oak, Bignonia. 



Beticulated Vessels. — Garden Balsam. 



Scalariform Vessels. — Ehizomes and stalks of fronds of Ferns, 

 Polystichum, Osmunda, Asplenium, Cheilanthes, Pteris. 



Laticiferous Vessels. — Ficus elastica, Euphorbia, Tragopogon, 

 Chelidonium, Lactuca, Isonandra Gutta, Dandelion. 



Woody Tissue. — Stems of trees, inner bark especially of plants 

 yielding useful fibres, as Flax, Jute, Hemp, Boehmeria, Lace Bark 

 tree, Cuba Bast ; root of Elder, Cabbage. 



Punctated Woody Tissue. — Stems of Coniferae when cut parallel to 

 medullary rays, Pinus, Abies, Wellingtonia (Sequoia), Araucaria, fossil 

 stems, Cycas, lUicium, Daphne Mezereum ; and with spirals in Yew. 



Ovules and Embryo. — Cruciferse, Chelidonium, Cactus (shows 

 branched funiculus), Passion-flower (dicotyledonous embryo) ; Orchids 

 and Lilium (monocotyledonous). 



Seeds. — Papaver somniferum, Gentiana lutea, Eccremocarpus scaber, 

 Lepigonum marinum,^ Sphsenogyne speciosa, Erica cinerea, CaUuna 

 vulgaris, Oxalis rosea. 



Peesbevation of Miceoscopic Objects. — The following ap- 

 paratus is required — viz., glass-slides ground at the edges, and of the 

 requisite standard size, 1 by 3 inches, with circular glass covers ; 

 preserving agents, cement, and turn-table for mounting and making 

 cells. Among the preserving media for vegetable substances are — a 

 solution of chloride of calcium, glycerine, copal varnish, mineral oU, 

 Canada balsam, Pjroligneous acid. . Some recommend the use of 

 arsenic in preserving objects. Make a saturated solution of arsenious 

 acid in boiling water, allow it to cool, and then filter. Then take of 

 this solution one ounce, of glycerine one ounce, and of gum arable one 

 ounce ; allow this to stand for three weeks, and then filter through 



