GLOSSARY. 



827 



Stoloniferous, having creeping runners 



which root at the joints. 

 Stool, a plant from which layers are pro- 

 pagated, by bending down the branches so 

 as to root in the soil. 

 Stomates and Stomata, openings in the 



epidermis of plants, especially in the leaves. 

 Strangulated, contracted and expanded ir- 

 regularly. 

 Strap-shaped, same as Ligulate; linear, or 



about six times as long as broad. 

 Stria, a narrow line or mark. 

 Striated, marked by streaks or striae. 

 Strigose, covered with rough, strong, ad- 

 pressed hairs. 

 Stripes, a name given to the Vittas of Umbel- 



liferse. 

 Strobilus, a cone, applied to the fruit of Firs 



as well as to that of the Hop. 

 Strophiole, a sort of aril or swelling on the 



surface of a seed. 

 Struma, a cellular swelling at the point where 

 a leaflet joins the midrib ; also a swelling 

 below the sporangium of Mosses. 

 Stupose, having a tuft of hairs. 

 Style, the stalk interposed between the ovary 



and the stigma. 

 Stylopod, an epigynous disk seen at the base 



of the styles of tJmbelliferse, 

 Stylospore, a spore-like body borne on a 

 sterigma or cellular stalk, in the Pycnides of 

 Lichens. 

 Sub, in composition, means a near approach 



to, as sub-rotund means nearly round. 

 SuBEROUS, having a corky texture. 

 Subiculum, same as Hypoihalhis. 

 Subterranean, underground, same as Hy- 



pogeal. 

 Subulate, shaped like a cobbler's awl. 

 Succisus, abrupt, as it were cut off, same as 



Pretnorse. 

 SuFFRUTicosE, having the characters of an 



undershrub. 

 SuLCATE, furrowed or grooved. 

 Superior, applied to the ovary when free from 

 the calyx ; to the calyx when it is attached to 

 the ovary ; to the part of a flower placed next 

 the axis. 

 SuPERVOLUTE or SuPERvoLUTiVE, a leaf rolled 



upon itself in vernation. 

 SuRCULUS, a sucker, a shoot thrown off under- 

 ground, and only rooting at its base. 

 Suspended, applied to an ovule which hangs 

 from a point a little below the apex of the 

 ovary. 

 SuSPENSOR, the cord which suspends the em- 

 bryo, and is attached to the radicle in the 

 young state. 

 SuTURAL, applied to that kind of dehiscence 



which takes place at the sutures of the fruit. 

 Suture, the part where separate organs unite, 

 or where the edges of a folded organ adhere ; 

 the ventral suture of the ovary is that next 

 the centre of the flower ; the dorsal suture 

 corresponds to the midrib. 

 Syconus, amultiple or polygynoecial succulent 



hollow fruit, as in the Fig. 

 Symbols. See^, 412. 



Symmetry, applied to the flower, has refer- 

 ence to the parts being of the same number, 

 or multiples of each other. 

 Syn, in composition, means united. 



Synacme, stamens and pistils reaching ma- 

 turity at the same time. 



Synantherous, anthers united. 



Synanthos, flowers united together. 



Syncarpous, carpels united so as to form one 

 ovary or pistil. 



SyngenesiouSj same as Synanikerous. 



Synochreate, stipules uniting together on 

 the opposite side of the axis from the leaf. 



Synsporous, applied to Algae which propagate 

 by conjugation of cells. 



Taphrenchyma, pitted vessels, same as Both- 



renckyma. 

 Tap-root, root descending deeply in a tapering 



undivided manner. 

 Taxonomy, principles of the classification of 



plants. 

 Tegmen, the second covering of the seed, 



called also Endopleura. 

 Tegmenta, scales protecting buds. • 

 Tendril. See Cirrus. 



Teratology, study of monstrosities and pecu- 

 liar morphological changes. 

 Tercine, the third coat of the ovule, forming 



the covering of the central nucleus. 

 Terete, nearly cylindrical, somewhat tapering 

 into a very elongated cone, the transverse 

 section nearly circular. 

 Ternary, parts arranged in threes. 

 Ternate, compound leaves composed of three 



leaflets. 

 Testa, the outer covering of the seed ; some 



apply it to the coverings taken collectively. 

 Testiculate, root having two oblong tuber- 



cules. 

 Tetra, in Greek words four ; in Latin Quater 



or Quadri. 

 Tetradynamous, four long stamens and two 



short, as in Cruciferae. 

 Tetragonous, or Tetragonal, having four 



angles, the faces being convex. 

 Tetragynous, having four carpels or four 



styles. 

 Tetramerous, composed of four parts ; a 

 flower is tetramerous when its envelopes are 

 in fours, or multiples of that number. 

 Tetrandrous, having four stamens. 

 Tetrapterous, having four wings. 

 Tetraquetrous, having four angles, the faces 



being concave. 

 Tetraspore, a germinating body in Algae 

 composed of four spore-like cells ; but also 

 applied to those of three cells. 

 Tetrathecal, having four loculaments. 

 Thalamifloeal, parts of the floral envelope 

 inserted separately into the receptacle of 

 thalamus. 

 Thalamus, the receptacle of the flower, or the 

 part of the peduncle into which the floral 

 organs are inserted. 

 Thallogens or Thallophytes, plants pro- 

 ducing a thallus. 

 Thallus, cellular expansion in Lichens and 

 other Cryptogams, bearing the fructification. 

 Theca, sporangium or spore-case containing 



spores. 

 Thecaphore, a stalk supporting the ovary. 

 Thecasporous, applied to Fungi which have 



the spores in thecae. 

 Thorn, an abortive branch with a sharp point. 

 Throat, the orifice of a gamopetalous flower. 



