478 GENERAL DISEASES. 



sticky or starchy character, and soon becomes mixed with pws 

 and blood, on account of the bursting of the abscesses. The 

 lining membrane of the nostrils becomes much inflamed and 

 assumes a purple or coppery hue. The glands and lymphatic 

 vessels of the head become swollen, especially the lymphatic (sub- 

 maxillary) glands which lie in the hollow between the angles of 

 the branches of the lower jaw. In chronic glanders, one or both 

 of these glands become firmly adherent to the jaw. In the acute 

 form, however, the animal may die before this can take place. The 

 eyes are generally weak and watery. 



SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE GLANDERS.— This form may be the 

 first to attack the horse, or it may be the termination of chronic 

 glanders or of farcy. More or less persistent shivering fits; a 

 marked rise (often of 7° or 8° F.) in the internal temperature of 

 the body (normal, about 100° F.), and, consequently, mo-re or 

 less fever, usher in the attack. The coat is dry a.nd staring; the 

 pulse frequent and weak ; the breathing hurried and painful ; the 

 animal rapidly loses " condition ; " and the mucous membrane of 

 the nose becomes filled with nodules and ulcers which run together 

 and discharge pus. Symptoms of farcy, diarrhoea, and swelling 

 of the limbs and head may appear. " In general, acute glanders 

 runs a rapid course. Its constant termination is death, which 

 usually occurs in from three to fourteen days. Experimental 

 glanders as a rule assumes an acute type " {Friedberger ana 

 Frohner). 



SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC GLANDERS.— The approach of this 

 form is extremely insidious, there being, often, nothing to mark 

 it beyond a slight discharge from the nose, and the fact of one or 

 both of the submaxillary glands being hard and swollen; and 

 no ulcers may be visible inside the nostrils. There may be even 

 no discharge or swelling of the glands at first ; or these symptoms 

 may appear and disappear from time to time. Also, there may be 

 swelling of one or both submaxillary glands without any discharge 

 from the nose. The coat becomes dry and tense (hide-bound). 

 The animal gets into a weak, unhealthy state, and will sweat from 

 comparatively slight exertion. Further than this, there is little 

 sign of constitutional disturbance. A horse may continue in this 

 state for many months; but at last his general health breaks up, 

 or acute glanders sets in, and he dies. 



The discharge of chronic glanders is, at first, similar to that of 

 common cold, but soon assumes the appearance of boiled starch, 

 or white of an egg. It is sticky, and dries round the edge of the 

 nostrils. If there exist ulcers inside the nostrils, the discharge 



